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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ Earth Space Science HONORS Semester 1 Review Earth’s Internal Structures Essential Questions: 1. How do seismic waves provide a detailed picture of Earth’s interior? 2. What are the names of the internal layers of the Earth and what is the composition of each layer? 3. How does the outer core produce the Earth’s magnetic field? 4. How is heat transferred from the core to the crust? 5. Who contributed to the theory of plate tectonics and what does the theory state? 6. How does the development of the Theory of Plate Tectonics demonstrate the scientific process? 7. HONORS What are the names of the tectonic plates? 8. What are the causes of plate motion and what features do they form? 9. HONORS How do folded, fault-block volcanic and dome mountains form? 10. HONORS Describe how the evidence for plate tectonics would be different if the mantle were much more fluid than it is. 11. How have computer models aided in the study of plate tectonics? Key Vocabulary: Inner core Asthenosphere Oceanic crust Secondary waves Continental drift Slab pull Transform boundary Strike-slip fault HONORS, monocline Outer Core Lithosphere Mantle Seismograph Mantle Convection Currents Divergent Boundary Normal fault HONORS, anticline Chemical weathering Mesosphere Continental crust Primary waves Magnetic field Ridge push Convergent boundaries Thrust fault HONORS, syncline Mechanical weathering Practice: 1. Fill in the chart below on Earth’s internal layers. Layer Composition Density g/cm3 Thickness (km) State of matter Temperature Inner core Outer core Mesosphere Asthenosphere Lithosphere Continental crust Oceanic crust 2. Which of the above layers comprise the mantle? _______________________________________________ ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 1 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 3. Label the layers of the Earth below. 4. Fill in the chart below on seismic waves. Type of wave Description P-wave S-wave 5. What instrument is used to detect earthquakes? ____________________________________________ 6. Describe how Earth’s magnetic field is generated. 7. Describe how heat is transferred from the core through the mantle to the crust. 8. Fill in the chart below about the historical figures associated with plate tectonics. Scientist Contribution Abraham Ortelius Alfred Wegener Alexander Du Toit Harry H. Hess ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 2 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 9. Why was Wegener’s theory of continental drift rejected? 10. Briefly describe how the development of the Theory of Plate Tectonics demonstrates the scientific process. 11. HONORS: Place the letter for each plate in the box that represents the plate. a. Juan de Fuca b. North American Plate (2) c. Cocos Plate d. Pacific Plate (2) e. Nazca Plate f. Caribbean Plate g. South American Plate h. Scotia Plate 12. Fill in the chart below about causes of plate motion. Cause of plate motion Text description Mantle convection i. African Plate m. Eurasian Plate j. Eurasian Plate n. Antarctic Plate k. Arabian Plate o. Philippine Plate l. Indo-Australian Plate Picture of process Ridge push Slab pull ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 3 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 13. Fill in the following chart about plate boundaries. Plate boundary Divergent Text description Picture of process Formation produced Convergent: Continental-Continental Convergent: Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent: Oceanic-Continental Transform 14. Fill in the following table about faults. Type of fault Normal Stress that causes type of fault Picture Thrust Strike-slip ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 4 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 15. Honors: Fill out the following table about folds. Type of fold Picture Anticline Syncline Monocline 16. How do computer models aid in studying the oceans? Earth’s External Structures Essential Questions 1. Honors What are the various energy sources that they can think of that we use daily? How do humans impact land, air and water resources? 2. What surface processes produce surface formations? 3. Honors What are the most important factors in soil formation? 4. How are different geologic processes and surface features expressed? 5. What technologies are used to explore the oceans and what are their contributions? 6. What are the surface features of the ocean floor and how do they form? Key vocabulary Gully Seacaves, arches, stacks Rockfall U-shaped valley Dune HONORS, mineral ESS Sem 1 HON Review Valley Soil Canyon Landslide Lake (glacial erosion) Sandbar 7/22/11 Rill Sinkhole Waterfall Mudflow Delta Barrier island 5 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ HONORS, soil profile HONORS, Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary rocks ROV, AUV Continental shelf Abyssal plain Trench Continental margin Submarine canyon Seamount Guyot HONORS, Pedalfer, Pedocal, Laterite SONAR Continental rise Mid-ocean ridge PRACTICE 1. HONORS: How have humans changed our water, air and land resources over time? Air Water Land 2. Fill in the chart below about weathering. Type of weathering Mechanical Picture of process Description Chemical 3. Draw pictures to show the processes that form the water and gravity erosion features in the table below. Valleys Rills Soil Gullies ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 6 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ Karst formations (caverns, lakes, springs) Sinkholes Canyons Sea caves, Sea arches, Sea stacks Rockfalls Waterfalls Mudflows Landslides 4. Draw pictures to show the processes that form the features caused by glacial erosion. U-shaped valleys Lakes 5. How does wind cause changes in natural and human-made structures? ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 7 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 6. Draw pictures to show the processes that form the features caused by deposition. Deltas Dunes Beaches, Sandbars Barrier Islands 7. HONORS: What are the 4 identifying factors of a mineral? a. b. c. d. 8. HONORS: What are the 3 types of rocks and how do each type form? a. b. c. 9. HONORS: How does each of the following effect soil formation? a. parent material b. time c. climate d. organisms e. slope ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 8 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 10. HONORS: Make a chart below that lists the types of soils and what their composition is. 11. HONORS: Label the soil profile below and discuss what each horizon is composed of. 12. Fill in the following chart about specific geologic features found in FLORIDA Name Shoreline Features: a.beaches b.sand dunes c.barrier islands ESS Sem 1 HON Review Description / How it formed 7/22/11 9 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ Floridan Aquifer Karst Topography: a. stalactites b. stalagmites c. lakes d. springs 13. Fill in the following chart about specific geologic features found outside of Florida Name Fault lines A-WHERE FOUND (examples) / B-Description / C-How it formed A. B. C. Rugged Mountains A. B. C. Eroded Mountains A. B. C. Canyons A. B. C. Water falls A. B. C. ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 10 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ Volcanoes A. B. C. 14. Fill in the chart below about sea floor exploration. Type of exploration Vessels Description Picture Submersibles a. ROV b. AUV Diving SONAR & satellites 15. How is new ocean basin created? ____________________________________________________________ 16. Label the ocean floor features in the diagram below: a. Submarine canyon b. Trench c. Abyssal plain ESS Sem 1 HON Review d. Seamount e. Guyot f. Continental rise g. Mid-Ocean Ridge h. Continental slope i. Continental margin 7/22/11 j. Continental shelf 11 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 17. HONORS DRAW THE PROCESS OF FORMATION FOR THE FOLLOWING OCEAN FLOOR FEATURES Submarine canyon Seamount Guyot Evolution Essential questions: 1. What are the main lines of scientific evidence that support the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection? 2. How does the theory of evolution by natural selection demonstrate the scientific process? 3. HONORS What are the types of fossilization? 4. HONORS How does fossil evidence support the theory of plate tectonics? 5. What are scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth? 6. How do these competing hypotheses demonstrate the scientific process? Key vocabulary Evolution Biogeography HONORS, Tar seep Panspermia Fossilization Homologous structures HONORS, mummification HONORS, Petrification Primordial soup Vestigial structures HONORS, Amber Hydrothermal vents Spontaneous generation Practice 1. How does the fossil record support the scientific theory of evolution? 2. Fill in the following chart. Term Definition/meaning in evolution Homologous structure ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 Picture 12 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ Vestigial structure Biogeography 3. Discuss how similarities in structures among species provide evidence of evolution. 4. Briefly describe how the Theory of Evolution demonstrates the scientific process. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. HONORS: Fill in the following chart about fossilization. Type of fossilization Mummification Description Picture Amber Tar seeps Freezing Petrification ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 13 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 6. HONORS Briefly describe the scientific process in relation to the fossil record evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics. ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Fill out the following chart about hypotheses of origins of life. Hypothesis Hydrothermal vents Description Panspermia Primordial soup Spontaneous Generation 8. How do the competing hypotheses of the origin of life on Earth demonstrates the scientific process? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Atoms Essential questions 1. What does the atomic theory state? 2. Honors Who contributed to the atomic theory and what were their contributions? 3. What fundamental forces are at work inside the atom? 4. List and describe the four states of matter. 5. Where would you expect to find each state of matter in/on our planet? The universe? 6. Honors What are the states of matter of each of Earth’s internal layers? Key vocabulary Atom Electron Gravitaitonal force Weak Nuclear force Gas ESS Sem 1 HON Review Proton Matter Electromagnetic force Solid Plasma 7/22/11 Neutron Mass Strong Nuclear force Liquid HONORS, Sublimination, Deposition 14 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ Practice 1. Fill in the table describing the structure of an atom. Name of Particle Charge Mass Location within Atom Proton Neutron Electron 2. Describe how matter is composed of units called atoms. 3. HONORS: Make a two-column chart below describing who contributed to the atomic theory and what their contributions were. a. Dalton b. Rutherford c. Thomson d. Chadwick e. Bohr 4. Of the fundamental forces (Gravitational, Weak Nuclear, Strong Nuclear, and Electromagnetic) the two below are at work in the atom. Fill in the chart. Type of Force Role in the Atom Draw a picture Electromagnetic Strong Nuclear ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 15 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 5. What is matter? 6. Fill in the following table describing the four states of matter. State of Matter How are the molecules organized & how do they move? Picture Example Solid Liquid Gas Plasma 7. HONORS: Fill in the following table describing how matter can change. How matter can change Picture of the Process Evaporation Condensation Sublimation Deposition Melting Freezing 8. Where would you expect to find each state of matter in/on: Our planet? Universe? Solid: Solid Liquid: Liquid Gas: Gas ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 Plasma 16 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ Earth’s Cycles Essential questions 1. How does matter move through the biosphere? 2. How does water cycle through the biosphere? 3. What are the names of Earth’s systems? 4. How are the systems different? 5. How do different systems interact with each other? 6. What patterns exist within Earth’s ocean currents? 7. What causes currents? 8. What impact does the Coriolis Effect have on currents? 9. What effects do currents have on climate? Key vocabulary Hydrosphere Geosphere Nitrogen Cycle Ocean Currents Convection Atmosphere Biosphere Hydrologic (Water) Cycle Coriolis Effect Density Cryosphere Carbon Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Salinity Hemisphere 1. Label the nitrogen cycle. Use the following terms (one term will be used more than once). bacteria fixation denitrification fertilizers lightning fixation plant consumption nitrification 2. How do the hydrosphere and biosphere interact on Earth? ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 17 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 3. How does the cryosphere affect the geosphere? 4. Label the phosphorus cycle. Use the following terms: Dead organisms bacteria in soil Uplifting of rock weathering of rock rock runoff 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5. How do the cryosphere and hydrosphere affect ocean salinity? 6. Explain how the atmosphere and hydrosphere interact to create weather. ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 18 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 7. Label the carbon cycle. Use the following terms: carbonification combustion decay diffusion respiration runoff dead organisms and animal waste photosynthesis sedimentation 8. HONORS: Complete the Table below about Human Impact on Earth’s Cycles. Cycle Human Additions Environmental Impact Nitrogen Phosphorus Carbon ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 19 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 9. Label the water cycle. Use the following terms (one term will be used more than once). Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Evaporation Runoff Accumulation 10. Describe how the water cycle is driven by the energy of the sun. 11. Using colored pencils, draw the general trends of currents. Use RED arrows to indicate warm currents and BLUE arrows to indicate cold currents in both hemispheres. ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 20 Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________ 12. Describe the causes of surface and deep ocean currents. 13. How do ocean currents transfer heat? 14. What impact do ocean currents have on the transfer of energy & climate? 15. Describe how the Coriolis Effect acts differently based on location on Earth. 16. Describe the movement of heat energy by the process of convection. ESS Sem 1 HON Review 7/22/11 21