Download Review Sheet Diffusion Organic Chem

Name: _______________________________
Date: __________________
Honors Review Sheet: Organic Chemistry, Membranes, and Membrane Transport
1. What is an organic molecule? Provide three examples.
2. What features of carbon atoms make them so useful in producing the molecules found in living
organisms?
3. What is a macromolecule? Where do you find them?
4. List the four types of macromolecules.
5. What is the relationship between monomer and polymer?
6. Do all macromolecules have monomer and polymer molecules? Explain.
7. Describe the functions of carbohydrates. What are the terms for the monomer and polymer unit
of carbohydrates?
8.
Provide FOUR specific examples of carbohydrate polymers (polysaccharides), and their
functions.
9. In what types of food do you find a lot of carbs?
10. Describe the functions of lipids. Also, describe the differences between saturated and
unsaturated fats in detail.
11.
What types of foods are high in lipids?
12. Describe the functions of proteins, with EXAMPLES. What are their monomer and polymer
units?
13. What types of foods are high in protein?
14. What are the functions of nucleic acids? What are their monomer and polymer units?
15. How do cells break apart polymers into monomer? Use the specific term, and draw a picture.
16. How do cells connect monomers into polymers? Use the specific term, and draw a picture.
17. Describe two scenarios in which your cells would need to break apart, or build a polymer.
18. What is a free radical? Draw a picture of a free radical atom below.
19. What is an antioxidant? Draw a picture showing how an antioxidant would combat a free radical.
20. Where can you get antioxidants from?
21. .What is a membrane? Is the cell membrane the only membrane in the cell? Provide examples.
22. What is the function of the cell membrane? Use the term selectively permeable.
23. 3. What are the basic structures that make up all membranes? Draw a little diagram (make sure it’s a
bilayer).
24. What is the basic structure of a phospholipid? Use the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic in your
response
25. What important roles do proteins play that are embedded in the membranes of all organelles? Provide
examples.
26. What is diffusion? Provide an everyday example.
27. Which type of diffusion requires the use of a carrier protein?
28. What are the differences between passive and active transport?
29. Is facilitated diffusion, using a carrier protein, passive or active?
30. 10. How would a cell move very large items, like nutrient droplets or bacterial cells into/out of cell?
What is the name of the process?
31. 11. What is the term for the movement of water from an area of high concentration to low
concentration?
32. 12. Explain what type of environment each cell is immersed in for each picture. Use the terms
hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
33. What is a concentration gradient?
34. True or false: Diffusion will occur at a slower rate when there is a steeper concentration gradient __
35. Explain your answer below.
36. Why is the sodium potassium pump an important protein for living organisms (use the term active
transport in your response).
37. Which types of substances are able to pass through the phospholipids of the cell membrane? Which
are not able to pass through the phospholipids. Explain why.
38. What is meant be the fluid mosaic model of membranes?
39. How do scientists study the structure of membranes (using what technique)?
40. On the bottom of the page, I've provided a chemical equation for two amino acids forming a peptide
bond. Draw each amino acid, and show the dehydration synthesis reaction that forms the dipeptide.
NH2CH2OCOOH
+
NH2C2H2OCOOH
--->
Dipeptide
+
H2O