Download 9. The Impact of WWI

Unit 5-World War I
1914-1920
United States History
McElyea
1. Causes and Outbreak of World War I
________________________________________ – Other names for World War I.
_____________________________ – Spark that started the First World War was the
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. Assassinated
June 28, 1914. By the first of August all five of the great European powers were at war.
_____________________________ – Causes of the war that took years to develop.
_____________________________ – Competitions between European nations. The five great
European powers (Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary) all sought more
power over the other. Imperialism: Each tried to expand their overseas empires.
_____________________________ – Pride in one’s country.
________________________________________ – Growing spirit of nationalism.
France wanted revenge on Germany for the embarrassment of the Franco-Prussian War.
_____________________________ – A movement called Pan-Slavism – all ethnic slavs
should have a nation to themselves, spread across the Balkans. Many slavs were in Serbia,
many were in Austria-Hungary. This would mean taking away territory from AustriaHungary. They obviously would not be in favor of such a move. Pan-Slavism made the
Balkans unstable – several Balkan wars. Russia supported slavs.
_____________________________ – Glorification of war and the military. Belief that the
strength of the military determined the strength of the nation. Germany had the strongest
army, Great Britain the strongest navy. Before World War I military spending increase.
_____________________________ – a competition between two or more countries for
military supremacy.
_____________________________ – Defensive agreements among nations. After the FrancoPrussian War, alliance systems began to develop across Europe. Alliance system did not
make each nation more secure, only threatened the peace of Europe by making countries
more comfortable with backup.
_____________________________ – Great Britain, France, Russia
_____________________________ – Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
2. Outbreak of War
_______________________-The Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was assassinated in the
Serbian city of Sarajevo.
_______________________-Secret group of Serbian men who plotted to kill Ferdinand.
________________________-A set of final conditions that must be accepted, Austria-Hungary
was outraged and held Serbia responsible
_____________________-Sent Serbia an ultimatum, Germany promised to support AustriaHungary.
Unit 5-World War I
United States History
1914-1920
McElyea
_____________________- promised to support Serbia, Serbia did not agree to Austria-Hungary’s
demands.
_____________________-Gathering and transporting of troops, Austria-Hungary and Serbia
began to mobilize, Alliance system took effect, and WWI began in August 1914
3. Outbreak of War Timeline
1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in _______________, Serbia (June 28, 1914).
2. Germany promises its full support to __________________ (July 5, 1914).
3. Austria Hungary sends an ultimatum to _____________ with 10 demands (July 23, 1914).
4. Serbia accepts all but one demand, _________ promises support to Serbia (July 25, 1914).
5. Austria-Hungary declares war on ________ (July 28, 1914).
6. _________ mobilizes its army (July 30, 1914).
7. Germany issues an ultimatum to ___________and _______ not to mobilize (July 31,
1914).
8. ____________ declared war on Russia (August 1, 1914).
9. Germany declared war on _________, invades neutral _________ (August 3, 1914).
10. ___________________ declares war on Germany (August 4, 1914).
4. Problems with Mexico
______________________ (1884-1911) – A violent political revolution waas going on in
Mexico. Alarmed many in the U.S.
______________________ – Armed men who used sabotage and hit-and-run tactics. U.S. sent
6,000 troops into Mexico to stop the guerrillas.
______________________ – Leader of the guerrillas.
_______________________________ – Leader of the U.S. forces. Brought his troops home
when U.S. entered WWI.
5. America Enters the War
__________________________ – American public opinion was shifting to the Allies, despite a
large pro-German population. Businesses were also on the side of the Allies.
______________________ – Information designed to influence opinions. British used
propaganda to try and convince the Americans to enter the war.
____________________________ – The British began to blockade Germany to prevent
contraband from entering (war material) the country. British ships also protected Allied ships
bringing supplies.
__________________________________ – Germans began using U-boats to sink Allied
shipping. Allies responded by using convoys to protect ships.
______________________ (May 7, 1915) – German U-boat sunk a British passenger liner,
Unit 5-World War I
United States History
1914-1920
McElyea
killing 1,200 people, including 128 Americans. President Woodrow Wilson issued an ultimatum
that Germany stop the unrestricted submarine warfare.
______________________ – Germans promised to stop unrestricted u-boat warfare. In February
1917, Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.
_______________________________ (1917) – American newspapers printed a telegraph from
German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann to Mexico where it promised Mexico territory in
the U.S. if they joined the war with Germany.
_____________________________ (April 2, 1917) – After four American merchant ships were
sunk, Wilson asked for a delcaration of war against Germany. “Help make the world safe for
democracy.” American financial and military aid would help turn the tide of the war in favor of
the Allies.
6. The Home Front
______________________ – Forced military service. A military draft was necessary to raise the
numbers in the armed forces.
______________________ – All men between 21 and 30 had to register for a draft. A lottery
and draft board chose the people. 2.8 million men were drafted.
______________________ – Around 2 million volunteered for service. Many different reasons.
_________________________________ – Around 42,000 served overseas in the military.
Many were segregated and were victims of discrimination. Many achieved distinction.
______________________ – First war in which women served. Only non-combat positions.
Nurses, clerks, etc.
__________________________________ – American industry needed to be organized to meet
the needs of the war. Government board were established to oversee production.
______________________ – Coordinated the production of war materiel. Ran by Bernard
Baruch.
______________________ – Responsible for increasing food production while reducing civilian
consumption. Hoover encouraged people with catchy slogans: Wheatless Mondays, Meatless
Tuesdays, Victory Gardens.
______________________ – Managed the nation’s use of coal and fuel. Daylight savings time
and shorter workweeks for factories that did not produce for the war.
______________________ – War cost $44 million a day. $32 billion total. New taxes and
increased income tax were passed. Liberty Bonds, Victory Bonds.
______________________ – People bought government bonds to fund the war. Bonds were
repayed with interest after the war. $20 billion raised in bonds.
______________________ – Organized and increased the number of workers for American
factories. Many positions were filled by women. African Americans, Mexicans also received
more jobs.
______________________ – Flow of around 500,000 African Americans to large U.S. cities in
search of jobs. Chicago, New York, Cleveland, Detroit.
____________________________ – Government agency that was in charge of “selling” the war
to the American people. Posters, advertising, entertainers.
____________________________ – Government clamped down on antiwar groups at home
Unit 5-World War I
United States History
1914-1920
McElyea
with stricter laws.
______________________ (1917) – Allowed touch punishment for spying for the enemy.
______________________ (1918) – Made any public opposition to the war illegal.
______________________ – New laws were tough for immigrants who were often
discriminated against.
______________________ (1919) – Supreme Court Case that said a person did not have a right
to free speech when it was a “clear and present danger” to others.
_____________________-Suspicions of disloyalty led to the mistreatment of German
immigrants
7. A Bloody Conflict
______________________ – Advanced weapons caused so many casualties that soldiers were
forced to dig networks of ditches for protection.
______________________ Space in between the opposing lines of trenches.
______________________ – Machine guns, poison gas, airplanes, tanks, submarines.
______________________ – Nickname for American soldiers in World War I.
______________________ – Groups of cargo ships escorted by warships across the Atlantic.
Brought much needed war supplies from America.
______________________ – Food shortages, war deaths led to civil war in Russia. Tsar was
overthrown.
______________________ – Russian communists. Overthrew the Russian government in 1917.
______________________ – Leader of the Bolsheviks.
______________________________ (1918) – Peace treaty between Russia and Germany.
Russia was now out of the war.
______________________ (1918) – In early 1918, Germany launched a massive assault to
break the Allied lines in France. American troops played a large role in holding the Germans
back.
______________________ (November 11, 1918) – Means “cease fire” or end to the fighting.
8. The War Ends
______________________ – Leaders of the United States, Great Britain, France and Italy who
decided on a peace settlement after the war.
______________________ – A list of proposals the Woodrow Wilson wanted in the peace
treaty. Included free trade, end of secret alliances and disarmament.
______________________ – Most important of Wilson’s points. He wanted to establish an
association of nations that would meet and keep peace in the world.
_____________________________ (1919) – Peace treaty that ended World War I. Included a
League of Nations but few of Wilson’s other points. Very harsh toward Germany.
______________________ – Payment for war damages. Germany was forced to pay $33 billion
to the Allies, mainly Great Britain and France.
____________________________________ – The US Senate refused to pass the Treaty of
Versailles which meant that the US would not join the League of Nations. Many felt that it
involved the US too much in European affairs.
Unit 5-World War I
1914-1920
United States History
McElyea
9. The Impact of WWI
__________________________ – German, Russian, Ottoman empires fell. Redrew the map of
Europe.
___________________________-Numerous strikes caused inflation, Americans became
suspicious of unions
___________________________-Americans were suspicious of Communists after the fall of
Russia, thought union strikes would lead to a communist revolution
________________________-Led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, were conducted
without search warrants and suspects were jailed for long periods of time, often being denied
their rights to consult with an attorney
______________________-Palmer set up a special division in the Justice Department called the
General Intelligence Division, headed by J. Edgar Hoover, today this is known as the FBI,
Palmer's raids, however, did not uncover any hard evidence against the communists.