Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Technology during World War I wikipedia , lookup
United States home front during World War I wikipedia , lookup
American entry into World War I wikipedia , lookup
Historiography of the causes of World War I wikipedia , lookup
History of Germany during World War I wikipedia , lookup
Economic history of World War I wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War I wikipedia , lookup
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk wikipedia , lookup
The Road to World War I Main Causes of WWI M ILITARISM A LLIANCES I MPERIALISM N ATIONALISM Militarism Militarism: aggressive preparation for war Germany had set up an army reserve system by 1890. Britain had always depended on its navy so they were not alarmed by ground troops. In 1897 Germany began building a sea power which alarmed Britain. Italy, Japan, and the US quickly joined the naval arms race. Conscription: a military draft Alliances By 1907 there were two major alliances in Europe. Triple Entente (The Allies) consisted of France, Britain, and Russia. Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, AustriaHungary, and Italy. (Italy never fought with the Triple Alliance. Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire would become the Central Powers during WWI) Imperialism The building of empires led to competition between European powers. Example: France had lost Alsace-Lorraine previously to Germany. France wanted it back. Nationalism Nationalism: devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation or ethnicity Russia viewed themselves as the protector of the Slavic people including the Serbs of Serbia. Serbia was under control of Austria-Hungary making Russia and Austria-Hungary rivals. MAIN Causes of WWI “4 Square” Create a 4-square titled “MAIN Causes of World War I.” In each section, define one of the main causes and draw a picture that represents the word being defined. You must use color. Starter (November 2) Assassination Sparks War The Balkans were considered the “powder keg of Europe.” Austria-Hungary had taken control of Bosnia (a Slavic nation) in 1878 and blamed Serbia for interfering with their rule in Bosnia. June 1914—Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie in Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia) Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb and a member of a nationalist group (The Black Hand) murdered the archduke. Causes of World War I — History.com Video Domino Effect Leads to World War July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia July 29, 1914 Czar Nicholas II of Russia calls for mobilization August 1, 1914 Germany declared war on Russia August 3, 1914 Germany declared war on France Enacted Schliefflen Plan: two front war against both France and Russia (the two had an alliance dating back to 1894); action would be taken on France first while holding off Russian troops; after defeating France, the Germans would focus on Russia To invade France, Germany would have to travel through neutral Belgium. August 4, 1914 Great Britain declared war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality Starter Apri World War I—The War 1914-1919 Allies During WWI The Allies Great Britain France Russia Italy (switches to this side May 1915) US (joins in 1917) Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Italy (switches to the Allies in May 1915) Selling the War Propaganda: ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause In WWI, primarily posters. PRO-nation or anti-enemy British Propaganda German Propaganda US Propaganda Beginning of War European nations thought the war would end within a few weeks. The US remained neutral until 1917. Germany’s Two-Front War Western Front War in France Stalemate Trenches Troops held in virtually the same position for 4 years Eastern Front War on Russia Serbia eliminated from war in 1915 German and Austrian success in the east helped them focus on the west. Trench Warfare World War I: Trench Warfare — History.com Photo Galleries New Technologies WWI Firsts — History.com Video Evolution of the war plane: Scouting to spot enemies Attack of ground troops Handheld pistols, then mounted guns Development of antiaircraft The End of the War The Last Year 1917: Allies seemed to be losing on the Western Front and Russia had dropped out of the war. March 1918, German commander Ludendorff tried to break the stalemate on the Western Front. AMERICAN TROOPS ARRIVE IN 1918 September 1918, Ludendorff says the war was lost. William II was forced to step down as ruler of Germany. The new government led by German Social Democratic Party declared that Germany would become a democratic nation. Armistice signed in December of 1918 Starter 11/5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Using the World History Workbook and your notes, answer the following questions. What are the 4 MAIN causes of WWI? What event served as the spark that caused the war to begin? Which country declared war first to begin World War I? When did the US get involved in World War I? Explain what life was like in the trenches. The fighting on the Western Front was considered a stalemate. Where is the Western Front? What is a stalemate? The War to End All Wars??? Making “Peace” January 1919, representatives from the Allied nations met in Paris, France to finalize the peace settlements—Paris Peace Conference. The “Big Four” at the Conference Georges Clemenceau of France: France wanted strip Germany of all weapons, require them to make reparation payments, and create a “buffer zone” between the two countries. David Lloyd George, Prime Minister Great Britain: British wanted Germany to pay for the entire war Woodrow Wilson of the US: Wilson wanted to create a lasting peace through a judicial body that would prevent future wars (The League of Nations) Vittorio Orlando of Italy Treaty of Versailles Final peace settlement of WWI 5 separate treaties signed with defeated nations (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey) The treaty declared: Germany was responsible for starting war (war guilt clause) Germans would have to pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allies Germany would return Alsace-Lorraine to France (other portions of Germany would be given to Poland) Broke up the Ottoman Empire creating new independent nations Issues with Treaty of Versailles Germany not present at the Peace Conference; they accept the treaty because they have to Russia did not benefit from the treaty (fear of communism) The US never joined the League of Nations (appears a failure because the US president formed the plans for the organization) Treaty of Versailles End World War I — History.com Video Starter 11/6 The Interwar Period The Red Scare After Russia became communist, they became the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) in 1922. This was the first communist nation ever. Many of the Western democracies feared that communism would spread worldwide. Thousands of suspected communists were arrested The KKK in the US targeted suspected communists along with African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, Catholics, and Jews. The “Roaring 20s” The Western democracies experiences some kind of recovery and new prosperity during the 1920s. The US flourished as people spent their money freely on the new “easy credit” system. Radio, movies, and spectator sports became popular as people had more money to spend on leisure time. The assembly line made production faster. Ford’s Model T became affordable for the average American in the late 1920s The Rise of Dictators Benito Mussolini of Italy came to power in 1922. As Prime Minister and leader of the Fascist Party, Mussolini supported the Catholic Church and gained support from mostly the middleclass industrialists and large land owners. Joseph Stalin of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) came to power in 1929. As the General Secretary and a member of the Communist Party, Stalin gained most of his support from the Communist party officials. Adolf Hitler of Germany came to power in 1933. As Chancellor and leader of the Nazi Party, Hitler gained most of his support from the industrial leaders, military, and appointed government officials. After World War I What were the results of the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles? The Great Depression began in Europe in 1924. A depression is a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment. The Great Depression officially hit the US in 1929 with the Stock Market Crash (October 29, 1929/Black Tuesday) Franklin D. Roosevelt became president of the US in 1932 and initiated his New Deal (active government and intervention)