Download World War 1

World War 1
7-4.1
Funderburk
World War I
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We will trace the causes
and key events in World
War I
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including the human costs
of the war,
United States entry into
the conflict,
outbreak of the Russian
Revolution
Underlying causes of World War I
Nationalism
Balkan
Crisis
Imperialism
War
The causes of
World War I
Alliances
Militarism
Arms Race
Outbreak of Fighting
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What was the “spark,” or immediate cause, that
ignited the war?
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This spark came from a gun of a Serbia nationalist
He shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his
wife Sophie.
Serbians who wanted to win independence for
Bosnia, hated being ruled by Austria-Hungary and
hated Ferdinand heir to the empire’s throne.
Leaders in Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the
shooting and in 1914 Bosnia declared war on Serbia.
Militarism
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Militarism: fascination with military
power and the glory of war
MAIN (Militarism, Secret Alliances,
Imperialism and Nationalism
The driving force was nationalism
Ethnic and ideological differences led to
conflict within the empires
Nationalism spurred economic and
political rivalries among states
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This led to complex system of military
alliances.
Alliances
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Alliances: agreements between countries to
help each other during wartime
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Alliances pulled many countries into the war
WWI alliances:
Triple Entente
England
France
Russia (until 1917)
Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Entangling Alliances
Triple Alliance
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Russia began to mobilize
which showed that Russia
planned to defend Serbia.
To show its support for
Austrian-Hungary,
Germany quickly declared
war on Russia.
These events activated
two prewar alliances
Triple Entente
Germany
Britain
Austria-Hungary
France
Italy
Russia
Central Powers
Bulgaria
Ottomon
Allied Powers
United
Empire
States
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Romania
Germany
Itlay
France
British
Empire
Imperialism
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When one country
controls the government
and economy of another
country. Another form of
competition between
nations in Europe.
Nations were rushing to
take over lands in Africa,
Asia and Oceania.
Imperialism
 Imperialism:
building empires
by expanding territory and
gaining colonies
 Competition
for colonies led to
intense rivalries among the
European powers
 Ex.
Germany and Italy wanted to
create empires that would compete
with those of Great Britain and France
Nationalism and Industrialism fueled global
expansion.
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Nationalism
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Desire of people with
the same history,
language, and
customs for self-rule
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Industrialism
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Economic system in
which people rely
more on the use of
machinery and
technology than on
animal or human
power.
Nationalism
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Nationalism: strong feelings of pride and unity among a
particular group of people
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Worsened rivalries between European powers
Led nations to seek to create empires or break away from them
Led to ethnic and ideological differences between nations
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Trouble in the Balkans (multi-ethnic region of Southeastern
Europe)
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Serbia wanted to take control of Bosnia
Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of AustriaHungary) was assassinated by a Serbian terrorist
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Reasons Industrial Nations wanted
new colonies
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They needed markets to sell goods
pouring out of their factories.
They needed cheap raw materials to make
manufactured goods so they could keep
the factories running.
A New Kind of War
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How did the Industrial
Revolution contribute
to the high death toll
in war?
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Industrial Revolution
made it possible to
mass-produce
weapons of war and to
develop more
dangerous ones.
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Modern Weapons of War
 Airplanes
 Submarines
 Machine guns
 Long-range artillery
 Poison gases
 Gas masks
 Tanks
 Flamethrowers
3 Main Fronts in War
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Western Front
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Eastern Front
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Trench warfare took place on Western Front
Fighting between French and British Against the
Germans
Fighting between Germans and Russians
Italian Front
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Italy fought against Germany and Austro-Hungarian
troops
The United States and WWI
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At the beginning of the war:
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America declared neutrality (didn’t take sides)
Reasons for U.S. entry into the war:
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Economic relationships with the Allies
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The U.S. had been selling many products and
loaning a lot of money to the Allies and (privately)
wanted them to win the war
Unrestricted submarine warfare
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To prevent supplies from getting to the Allies,
German U-boats sunk boats without warning
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The Zimmermann Telegram
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Sinking of the Lusitania – 128 Americans killed!
A note from the German government asking Mexico
to attack the U.S. was intercepted and published in
newspapers
Effects of U.S. entry into WWI:
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Arrival of fresh US troops helped the Allies win war
Entry of the United States
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How did Germans actions push the US to join
the war on the side of the Allies?
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The Germans used U-boats to sink ships near British
waters without warning.
Some attacks killed Americans.
Others sank American merchant ships.
Germany tried to partner with Mexico in case the US
entered the war.
German leaders promised to help Mexico regain its
“lost land” in the American Southwest.
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Revolution in Russia
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RussiaRise of Bolsheviks
Russia—the Allied Power on the
war’s Eastern Front—found itself
in deep trouble.
WWI created a crisis for Russian
monarchy.
Many peasants and workers were
already living on the edge of
starvation when war broke out.
The weak Russian leader, Czar
Nicolas II, did little to ease the
suffering.
1917 workers revolted, soldiers
were ordered to stop the
rebellion, they refused and joined
the crowd of rebels.
A new government was formed,
but this did not solve Russia’s
problems.
Workers and peasants formed
soviets, or committees, to
represent their interests.
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Many soviets were socialists who
believed that workers should
overthrow the government so
people could share equally in the
nation wealth.
The most radical of the socialist
groups were the Bolsheviks. They
thought a small group could
achieve the goal of overthrowing
the government through the use
of force.
Lenin became the outspoken
leader if the Bolsheviks.
Timeline of WWI
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1914
 Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to
the throne of Austria-Hungary) is
assassinated by a Serbian terrorist
 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
 Russia prepares to help Serbia
 Germany declares war on Russia
 France declares war on Germany
 Germany invades Belgium and France
 Great Britain declares war on Germany
 America declares neutrality
 1915
- 1916
 Italy
joins Allies
 Central Powers win many battles
 1917
 Russian
Revolution
 Russia withdraws from the war
 The United States enters the war,
turning the tide for the Allies
The Russian Revolution (1917)
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Before the Revolution:
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Most Russians were poor and many were
starving
Russia was exhausted by WWI
The Revolution:
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Czar Nicholas II (the last emperor of
Russia) was forced by the Russian people
to give up his throne
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Civil War
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He wanted to keep fighting in WWI
He ignored the peasants and city workers
The Bolsheviks (Communists), led by
Vladimir Lenin, defeated their enemies
and took control of Russia
Russia withdrew from WWI
Russia was transformed into a communist
nation and was renamed the Soviet
Union (a.k.a. the U.S.S.R.)
 1918
 Woodrow
Wilson (President of
the United States) delivers “14Points” speech
 Germany agrees to stop fighting
 WWI ends
 1919
 The
Treaty of Versailles is
written