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WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
1. What neutral nation did Germany invade to
start World War I? Belgium
2. Why did Austria-Hungary’s send an
ultimatum to Serbia? Austria-Hungary
blamed Serbia for the assassination of the
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
3. List the members of the Triple Entente?
Russia, France, and Great Britain
4. What event prompted Great Britain to put
aside its reluctance and enter World War I?
Germany’s invasion of Belgium and refusal
to withdraw from it
5. What are the results of the Treaty of
Versailles? Punished Germany, limited its
military, strips its colonies, reduces its
territory, makes them take blame for was
and pay reparations
6. Why did Russia feel compelled to aid Serbia?
They were considered the protector of the
Slavs and Slavic interests in Europe
7. The governments of the warring nations in
World War I did what as the war settled into
a stalemate? Dug trenches and settled in for
a long war
8. List the members of the Triple Alliance.
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
9. Which nation signed a separate treaty with
Germany in 1917, ending their involvement
in the war? Russia—it becomes the Soviet
Union
10. What action brought World War I to an end?
The armistice was signed November 11,
1918
11. What is the Schlieffen Plan that Germany
created? Germany’s plan to avoid a twofront war by attacking France first, then
Russia
12. What region was referred to as the “powder
keg” of Europe? the Balkans
13. What is the most extreme form of socialism
with no private property? communism
14. What is capitalism? Economic system where
factors of production are privately owned
15. What is socialism? Economic system in
which factors of production are owned by all
and run for the good of all
16. What are the three empires upset by their
multi-ethnic composition on the verge of
World War I? Ottoman Empire, AustriaHungary and Russia
17. What did Bismarck do? Helped unify
Germany with Prussia as the center
18. What are the benefits of the railroad during
industrialization? Helps transport both
goods and people both faster and cheaper
19. How does industrialization fuel imperialism?
Industrialization fuels imperialism by a
demand for raw materials and a market for
goods
20. What is laissez-faire? an economic policy
that stresses hands-off, meaning no laws to
regulate business and industry
21. Define nationalism and imperialism
Nationalism—extreme pride in your
nation, loyalty to nation, not king
Imperialism—policy of extending a
stronger nations rule over a weaker
nation, is a policy based on racism,
demand for raw materials, a market
for goods, conversion to Christianity
22. What happened to the nation of Prussia in
the mid to late 1800’s? Prussia unified with
the other German states and became
Germany
23. Define secular—means worldly, non-church
24. What is a “Renaissance Man”? a person who
excelled in many areas of study
25. How did Italy’s location help it become the
birthplace of the Renaissance? It had a
wealthy city-state and was in Rome, having
access to the ancient Roman books and
documents
26. What was the Renaissance a rebirth of? A
rebirth of arts and learning (after decline in
the Middle Ages)
27. What does recant mean? To take back a
statement—like Martin Luther or Galileo
28. What does annul mean? To set aside—like
Henry VIII does to Catherine of Aragon
29. What is an indulgence? a pardon that
releases a sinner from a penalty for
committing a sin and thus may lessen
someone’s time in purgatory
30. What are the five pillars of Islam?
Foundation of Islam—fasting, statement of
faith, prayer five times a day, pilgrimage to
Mecca, alms to the needy
31. What is Ramadan? Period of fasting for
Muslims
32. Who is Muhammad? Prophet of Allah,
founder of Muslim faith
33. Which religion believes that Jesus is the
Messiah? Christianity
34. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all share a
common belief in what? Monotheistic
religions
35. What is the French Revolution? Violent
period of French history, included a peasant
violent (Great Terror) and Great Fear
36. Identify Mesopotamia—ancient early river
valley civilization—cradle of civilization
37. Identify Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle—all
three are Greek philosophers
38. Identify Locke, Rousseau, and
Montesquieu—all three are Enlightenment
thinkers, influence the American
constitution
39. Place the following religions in chronological
order by their founding:
1. Hinduism 2. Judaism 3.
Christianity 4. Islam
40. What are the main beliefs of Christianity?
Belief in salvation and Jesus as the messiah
41. Why is Alexander the Great significant? He
conquered a great deal of land as a military
leader
42. What were Hammurabi’s Code, the
Napoleonic Code, and the Justinian Code?
All three of these are written law codes
43. What was the “Pax Romana”? period of
Roman peace
44. What are the major civilizations of Central
and South America? the Incas, Aztecs,
Mayans, and Olmecs
45. Identify the significance of Martin Luther—
German monk/teacher who started the
Reformation when he nailed the 95 theses
which questioned the Catholic church to the
church door
46. Identify the significance of Karl Marx—
founder/father of communism, wrote the
Communist Manifesto
47. Identify the type of warfare and results of
World War I—trench warfare, stalemate,
used poisonous gas, ended in the very harsh
Treaty of Versailles
48. Who is the first leader of Soviet Russia?
Vladimir Lenin
49. When did the Russian Revolution take
place? 1917 during World War I
50. Who was the last Russian czar? Nicholas I
51. Who led the Bolshevik Revolution? Vladimir
Lenin and the Bolshevik leaders
52. What side won the Civil War in Russia, 1917
to 1921? The Bolsheviks, known as the Reds
53. What is the result of the scientific
revolution? It began to trust in science and
learning instead of the church
54. Identify the Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange is the
exchange of goods and ideas set off by
Columbus’s voyages
55. How does theocracy the of ancient Egypt
work? The pharaohs were considered the
gods on earth
56. What is the major Phoenician contribution
to civilization? the alphabet
57. Who is the father of the Hebrew people?
Abraham
58. What is reincarnation? the belief that souls
are in an endless cycle of rebirth and death
59. What is excommunication? the cutting off of
a person’s membership in the Catholic
Church and from all its sacraments
60. Be able to identify Stalin, Hitler, and
Mussolini to their nation, along with
Nazism, fascism, and communism.
Stalin---Soviet Union---Communism
Mussolini—Italy—Fascism
Hitler—Germany—Nazism
61. What event is considered the beginning of
World War II? the German invasion of
Poland
62. What is the non-aggression pact? an
agreement between Stalin and Hitler to not
attack each other
63. What event marks the end of World War II?
Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
64. Identify the following:
a. Isolationism—US policy of trying to stay
out of world affairs
b. Appeasement—policy of giving in to a
dictator to avoid war
c. Japan—first aggressive nation prior to
WW2, last nation to surrender after
bombs are dropped
d. D-Day—Allied invasion at Normandy,
into Nazi occupied France
e. Axis Powers—Alliance of Italy, Germany,
and Japan
f. Allied Powers—Alliance of Britain, Soviet
Union, and US—Free France
g. Hiroshima and Nagasaki—Japanese site
of atomic bomb droppings by the US
WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
1. What neutral nation did Germany invade to
start World War I?
2. Why did Austria-Hungary’s send an
ultimatum to Serbia?
3. List the members of the Triple Entente?
4. What event prompted Great Britain to put
aside its reluctance and enter World War I?
5. What are the results of the Treaty of
Versailles?
6. Why did Russia feel compelled to aid Serbia?
7. The governments of the warring nations in
World War I did what as the war settled into
a stalemate?
8. List the members of the Triple Alliance.
9. Which nation signed a separate treaty with
Germany in 1917, ending their involvement
in the war?
10. What action brought World War I to an end?
11. What is the Schlieffen Plan that Germany
created?
12. What region was referred to as the “powder
keg” of Europe?
13. What is the most extreme form of socialism
with no private property?
14. What is capitalism?
15. What is socialism?
16. What are the three empires upset by their
multi-ethnic composition on the verge of
World War I?
17. What did Bismarck do
18. What are the benefits of the railroad during
industrialization
19. How does industrialization fuel imperialism?
20. What is laissez-faire?
21. Define nationalism and imperialism
22. What happened to the nation of Prussia in
the mid to late 1800’s?
23. Define secular
24. What is a “Renaissance Man”?
25. How did Italy’s location help it become the
birthplace of the Renaissance?
26. What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?
27. What does recant mean?
28. What does annul mean?
29. What is an indulgence?
30. What are the five pillars of Islam?
31. What is Ramadan?
32. Who is Muhammad?
33. Which religion believes that Jesus is the
Messiah?
34. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all share a
common belief in what?
35. What is the French Revolution?
36. Identify Mesopotamia
37. Identify Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
38. Identify Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu
39. Place the following religions in chronological
order by their founding:
Hinduism Judaism Christianity Islam
40. What are the main beliefs of Christianity?
41. Why is Alexander the Great significant?
42. What were Hammurabi’s Code, the
Napoleonic Code, and the Justinian Code?
43. What was the “Pax Romana”?
44. What are the major civilizations of Central
and South America?
45. Identify the significance of Martin Luther
46. Identify the significance of Karl Marx
47. Identify the type of warfare and results of
World War I
48. Who is the first leader of Soviet Russia?
49. When did the Russian Revolution take
place?
50. Who was the last Russian czar?
51. Who led the Bolshevik Revolution?
52. What side won the Civil War in Russia, 1917
to 1921?
53. What is the result of the scientific
revolution?
54. Identify the Columbian Exchange
55. How does theocracy the of ancient Egypt
work?
56. What is the major Phoenician contribution
to civilization?
57. Who is the father of the Hebrew people?
58. What is reincarnation?
59. What is excommunication?
60. Be able to identify Stalin, Hitler, and
Mussolini to their nation, along with
Nazism, fascism, and communism.
61. What event is considered the beginning of
World War II?
62. What is the non-aggression pact?
63. What event marks the end of World War II?
64. Identify the following:
a. Isolationism
b. Appeasement
c. D-Day
d. Axis Powers
e. Allied Powers
f. Hiroshima and Nagasaki