Download Nutrients WS

Nutrients
Food contains nutrients which the body uses for growth, work and repair, and for maintaining
vital processes. The three main groups of nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The body uses them as its
main source of energy. Fats, also composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are a more
concentrated energy source than carbohydrates. Proteins are primarily used for building
tissues. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes other elements.
They are made of units called amino acids.
A. Copy the sentence with the selected correct answer on your
paper.
1.
Carbohydrates are mainly used for (a. building tissues
b. making hormones c. providing energy d. carrying
oxygen).
2.
Fats are mainly used for (a. cushioning b. providing energy c. building bones
d. making blood).
3.
Proteins are mainly used for (a. building tissues b. providing energy c. storing
fats d. providing sound).
4.
Amino acids make up (a. carbohydrates b. fats c. proteins d. all foods).
5.
Carbohydrates and fats are composed of (a. amino acids b. sugar c. carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen d. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen).
6.
The most concentrated energy source is (a. fats b. proteins
c. carbohydrates d. vitamins).
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide living things with much of the energy they need.
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the three main classes of food essential to
the body. Carbohydrates contain compounds of the three elements – carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen. There are about twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms in the molecules
of carbohydrates. The carbohydrate may be separated into three classes: sugar, starch, and
cellulose (the major structural material of many plants).
A. Copy the sentence and insert the correct answers on your paper.
1.
The three main classes of food essential to the body are ______________,
_____________, and ________________.
2.
Carbohydrates are compounds of the three elements - ______________,
_____________, and ________________
3.
There are about twice as many ______________ atoms as _______________
atoms in each molecule of carbohydrates.
4.
Carbohydrates provide much of the _______________ living things need.
5.
Wheat, corn, and rice are __________________ and are mostly
_______________.
6.
The three classes carbohydrates may be separated into are _______________,
________________, and _____________.
7.
The substance that makes up a large part of the cell walls of plants is
_________________.
7Ch4 Nutrients 1
B. Using the chart, answer the questions on
your paper.
1.
Which food has the highest percentage of
carbohydrates?
____________________________
2.
Compare the carbohydrates in the fruits.
Which is the lowest in carbohydrates?
_______________________________
3.
Does white bread or whole wheat bread
have a higher percentage of
carbohydrates?
_______________________________
4.
Do potatoes or lima beans have a smaller
percentage of carbohydrates?
_______________________________
Sugars
Sugar supplies energy and heat for the body. Sugars are carbohydrates which furnish
energy for the body faster than any other food. There are many different sugar compounds.
Table sugar is sucrose, usually manufactured from sugar cane and sugar beet plant juices.
Glucose and fructose are found in fruits, flowers, and honey. Glucose requires no digestion
and can be absorbed directly into the blood. It is made in large quantities from cornstarch,
and much of it is sold as corn syrup. Lactose is found in the milk of mammals and is often
called milk sugar.
A. Write the correct type of sugar on your paper.
sucrose
glucose
fructose
lactose
1.
Ordinarily used to sweeten coffee.
2.
Two sugars found in honey.
3.
Made from cornstarch.
4.
Comes from the juice of sugar cane or sugar beets.
5.
Found in the milk of mammals.
6.
Requires no digestion.
7.
Also called milk sugar.
8.
Can be absorbed directly into the blood.
9.
Two sugars found in fruits.
10.
Ordinarily used for cooking.
B. True or False
1.
Sugar supplies energy and heat for the body.
2.
Sugar is mostly protein.
3.
Common household sugar is lactose.
4.
The sugar that you are probably most familiar with is sucrose.
5.
Sugar obtained from the juice of sugar beets is very different from sugar obtained from
the juice of sugar cane.
6.
Much glucose is sold as corn syrup.
7.
No foods can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream.
7Ch4 Nutrients 2
Proteins
All living things must have proteins to stay alive. Proteins and water form the
basis of all living matter, protoplasm. Proteins repair damaged cells, build new
tissues, and do many other vital jobs. All proteins are compounds that contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Most proteins also contain sulfur, and some contain
phosphorus. Animals make proteins from food. High protein foods include lean meat, fish,
cheese, eggs, and milk. Peas, beans, and some nuts also have large amount of proteins in
them.
Copy the sentence with the selected correct answer on your paper. Some may have
two correct answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
In living organisms protein makes up the greatest proportion of (a) water (b)
carbohydrates (c) protoplasm (d) sugars.
Proteins are (a) compounds (b) elements (c) mixtures (d) solutions.
Proteins contain (a) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (b) carbon dioxide,
oxygen, sulfur (c) carbon, calcium, oxygen, fluorine (d) chlorine, sulfur, hydrogen,
oxygen.
Most proteins also contain (a) fluorine (b) iron (c) calcium (d) sulfur.
Some proteins also contain (a) potassium (b) phosphorus (c) silicon (d) carbon
dioxide.
Animals make proteins from (a) sunlight (b) sugars (c) food (d) water.
Proteins help to (a) repair damaged cells (b) speed up digestion (c) supply
carbon dioxide to the respiratory system (d) build new tissues.
7Ch4 Nutrients 3