Download Human Body Vocabulary Words

Human Body Vocabulary Words
1. Cells – basic units of structure and function
within the human body
2. Neuron – nerve cell
3. Tissues – group of specialized cells working
together to perform the same function
4. Nerve tissue – carries impulses back and
forth to the brain from body
5. Muscle tissue – contracts and shortens,
makes body parts move
6. Epithelial tissue – covers surfaces of body,
inside (covering for internal organs), &
outside (layer of skin)
7. Connective tissue – connects all parts of
body; provides support
8. Organs – group of two or more different
types of tissue working together to perform a
specific function
9. Systems – group of two or more organs working
together to perform a specific function
10. Heart – causes blood to flow through body by
its pumping action
11. Blood vessels – tubes that carry blood through
out entire body
12. Artery – carries blood with oxygen &
nutrients to all parts of body
13. Veins – carries waste products from all parts
of body back to heart
14. Capillaries – small vessels where oxygen &
nutrients leave the blood to go into cells &
carbon dioxide & other waste products enter
blood from cells
15. Blood – composed of red blood cells, white
blood cells, platelets, & plasma that have
different functions
16. Nose – collects air from the environment &
moistens & heats the air before it enters trachea
17. Trachea – windpipe; moves air from nose to
lungs
18. Bronchi – tubes that move air from trachea
to lungs
19. Lungs - main organs where gases are
exchanged between air & blood
20. Alveoli – in lungs where gas exchange takes
place
21. Diaphragm – muscle that aids in breathing
22. Mouth – breaks down food into smaller pieces
23. Mechanical Digestion – process of chewing
24. Chemical Digestion – started by saliva in mouth
25. Esophagus – transport tube; carries chewed food
to stomach
26. Stomach – continues mechanical digestion;
secretes gastric juices that continue chemical
digestion started in mouth
27. Small intestines – organ where most of the
chemical digestion of food takes place; absorbs
nutrients
28. Large intestines – organ that absorbs water from
food taken into bloodstream; prepares
undigested food for elimination
29. Rectum – short tube that stores solid waste
30. Anus – eliminates solid waste
31. Liver – organ that produces bile
32. Bile – breaks up fat particles
33. Gallbladder – organ that stores bile
34. Pancreas – organ that produces digestive
juices that break down food in small intestine
35. kidneys – get rid of urea (excess water) & other
waste materials released by cells – eliminated as
urine
36. Ureters – tubes that connect each kidney to
bladder
37. Bladder – saclike muscular organ; stores urine
until released
38. Urethra – tube which urine passes before
removed from body
39. Brain – control & coordinates activities of body
40. Spinal cord – bundle of nerves from brain to
center of back vertebrae; connects to peripheral
nerves
41. Peripheral nerves – branch out from spinal cord
and connect to rest of body; transmit signal to &
from brain
42. Skeletal muscles – voluntary muscle attached
to bones; provide force need to move bones
43. Tendons – connect skeletal muscles to bones
44. Smooth muscles – involuntary muscles
control many types of movement in body
45. Cardiac muscles – involuntary muscle that
form the heart
46. Bones – provide shape and support for body;
protects many organs and structures; produce
blood cells; store minerals
47. Joints – where two bones meet
48. Ligaments – attach bones at joints
49. Skin- covers body; prevents loss of water;
protect from infection & injury; regulates body
temperature; get rid of waste (sweat), receive
information from environment; makes vitamin
D
50. Disease - condition that does not allow the body
to function normally
51. Infectious Diseases – caused by pathogens
52. Pathogens – can be bacteria, viruses, protists, &
fungi that damage cells in an organ or attack
entire body
53. Immune system – distinguishes each pathogens
and reacts to it by its type
54. Virus – tiny particles capable of reproducing
that need a host (plant or animal) to survive
55. Cold - illness caused by a viral infection located
in the respiratory system
56. flu - highly contagious viral infection of the
respiratory system
57. Athlete’s foot - common fungal infection of the
skin of the feet
58. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) that attacks the cells in the immune
system making the organism unable to fight off
other pathogens that may attack the body
59. Strep throat - contagious disease caused by
bacterial infection
60. Noninfectious diseases – caused by
malfunctions in body systems that are either
inherited or caused by environmental factors
61. Diabetes - results in the glucose (sugar) level of
the blood being higher than the normal range
62. Parkinson’s disease - disease of the nervous
system that occurs when certain nerve cells in
the brain stop functioning properly, affecting the
muscular system
63. Skin Cancer – when skin cells found in the outer
layers of the skin becomes damaged
64. Asthma - affects the lungs and the airways that
deliver air to the lung