Download What to do*

What to do…
• Take out a half sheet of paper.
• Put your name on the paper.
• Answer the following question:
• Which two body systems work together when the diaphragm contracts and
releases, causing air to move in and out of the lungs?
A. excretory and skeletal
B. circulatory and digestive
C. nervous and immune
D. muscular and respiratory
Human Body Systems Booklet
Standard 1.3 – Describe the function of different organ systems and
how collectively they enable complex multicellular organisms to survive
Human Body Systems Booklet
• This project is worth 115 points!
• Let us begin together…
1. Place your name in small print in the upper right hand corner
2. Open to the first page and complete the “About the Author”
Skeletal System
Pages 210 - 213
Function:
The skeletal system provides support and
structure, stores calcium, stores minerals,
stores fats, and stores marrow.
Parts/Organs:
Bones: The bones work with the muscles.
Cartilage: The cartilage lines the bones and
is flexible.
Joints: Joints allow the bones to move.
Interesting Facts:
1.
Most bones start as the flexible tissue called
cartilage and as a person grows the cartilage is
replaced by bone.
2.
Some of the bones are filled with a special
material that makes blood cells (marrow).
Muscular System
Pages 214 - 217
Function:
The muscular system provides body
movement and generates heat when the
muscles contract.
Parts/Organs:
Muscles: There are 3 kinds of muscles – the
skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth
muscles
Tendons: Tendons connect the muscles to the
bone
Interesting Facts:
1.
2.
Some people try to make their muscles stronger
by taking anabolic steroids. They can cause longterm health problems to the heart, liver, and
kidneys.
Muscles weaken if they are not exercised. Skeletal
muscles around the bone will be smaller and
weaker if not used.
Integumentary System Function:
Pages 218 - 221
The integumentary system provides
protection and regulates the body
temperature. It also prevents water loss.
Parts/Organs:
skin
hair
nails
Skin: There are 2 layers of skin – The
epidermis and the dermis
Hair: Hair helps to protect the body and the
regulate the temperature.
Nails: Nails provide protection.
Interesting Facts:
1.
Even though the epidermis has many layers of
cells, it is only as thick as 2 sheets of paper. (It is
thicker on our palms and soles)
2.
Several kinds of waste chemicals can be
removed in sweat.
Cardiovascular System Function: The cardiovascular system
Pages 232 - 241
pumps blood to distribute hormones,
nutrients, and gases. It also removes waste.
Parts/Organs:
Heart: The heart pumps blood.
Veins: The veins return the blood.
Arteries: The arteries deliver oxygen and
nutrients.
Interesting Facts:
1.
Atherosclerosis happens when cholesterol
buildup causes the blood vessels to become
narrower and less elastic.
2.
There are two types of circulation: Pulmonary
circulation and systemic circulation.
Lymphatic System
Pages 242 - 245
Function: The digestive system
mechanically and chemically breaks down
food, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste.
Parts/Organs:
Mouth: The mouth provides the initial break-up of the
food.
Stomach: The stomach is a saclike organ that liquefies
food.
Liver: The liver is the largest organ in the body and it filters
blood and stores excess sugars.
Intestines: The intestines eliminates indigestible materials
from the body and absorbs water.
Interesting Facts:
1.
Stomach acid kills most bacteria you might swallow
with your food.
2.
The soupy mixture that the foods are reduced to in
the stomach are called chime (KIEM).
Respiratory System
Pages 246 - 249
Function: The respiratory system is
responsible for the exchange of gases
within the body and between blood and the
lungs.
Parts/Organs:
Lungs: The lungs exchange gases.
Trachea: The trachea connects the larynx to the lungs.
Larynx: The larynx contains the vocal chords and produces
sounds.
Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a muscle beneath the lungs
that does the breathing.
Interesting Facts:
1.
Emphysema is what happens when the alveoli has been
damaged. It can provide severe breathing problems. It is
triggered by irritants such as smoking cigarettes.
2.
A person will breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Digestive System
Pages 260 - 266
Function: The lymphatic system transports
and distributes lymph. It also initiates
immune response to help fight pathogens.
Parts/Organs:
Lymph Nodes: Lymph nodes remove
pathogens
Spleen: The spleen produces lymphocytes
Tonsils: The tonsils trap pathogens and
keep your throat from infections.
Interesting Facts:
1.
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that help
your body fight pathogens.
2.
Tonsils can be surgically removed if they
become severely infected or are too large.
Urinary System
Pages 268 - 271
Function: The urinary system filters the
blood and removes waste from the blood. It
concentrates waste into urine and expels
the urine from the body
Parts/Organs:
Kidneys
Kidneys: The kidneys are a pair of organs that
filter water and wastes from the blood.
Bladder: The bladder is the liquid waste storage.
Bladder
Interesting Facts:
1.
If a person’s kidneys do not work properly, a
kidney machine can be used to filter waste from
the blood.
2.
Diuretics cause the kidneys to make more urine.
Some beverages contain caffeine, which is a
diuretic. The caffeine increases your fluid loss
Nervous System
Pages 282 - 288
Function: The nervous system is the
regulatory system that controls body
movement, consciousness, intelligence, and
memory.
Parts/Organs:
Brain: (CNS) The brain is the control center for the body. It
is a mass of nerve tissues.
Spinal Cord: (CNS) The spinal cord carries information and
is surrounded by protective bones called vertebrates.
Nerves: Nerves are a collection of nerve fibers through
which impulses travel between the CNS and other parts of
the body
Interesting Facts:
1.
CNS = Central
Nervous System
2.
The autonomic nervous system controls body
functions that you don’t think about such as
digestion and heart rate.
The somatic nervous system control voluntary
movements such as writing, talking, smiling, or
jumping.
Endocrine System
Pages 296 - 299
Function: The endocrine system secretes
hormones which regulate body and cellular
growth. It also regulates chemical levels in
the body and has reproductive functions.
Parts/Organs:
Glands: Glands are a group of cells that
make special chemicals for the body.
Pancreas: The pancreas regulates the
glucose level in the blood.
Interesting Facts:
1.
The adrenal glands help the body respond to
danger.
2.
Glucose is fuel for your body. Glucose is
absorbed into the bloodstream from the small
intestine.
Wellness Report
Pages 206 - 209
How can a person stay well?
Bibliography (Sources):
1. Tennessee Holt Science and
Technology Textbook
2. “Body Systems and How
They Work Together” Article
written by Kerry L Williams
3. Notes