Download BIO 210 Anatomy and Physiology Homework #4: Chs. 10

BIO 210 Anatomy and Physiology
Homework #4: Chs. 10-11
DUE: _____________________________ (see course schedule)
Assignments not turned in at the beginning of class will be accepted.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
1) How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate affect
skeletal muscle?
A) It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract).
B) It would produce uncontrolled muscle spasms.
C) It would make the muscles more excitable.
D) It would have little effect on skeletal muscles.
E) It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax).
2) Fast muscle fibers can adapt to aerobic metabolism by generating more
mitochondria in response to
A) sustained low levels of muscle activity.
B) high amounts of oxygen.
C) increased levels of testosterone.
D) repeated, exhaustive stimulation.
E) prolonged periods of inactivity.
3) The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is
A) the ability to produce large amounts of the muscle proteins needed for growth
and repair.
B) the ability to produce more ATP with little oxygen.
C) the ability to store extra DNA for metabolism.
D) the ability to contract.
E) both C and D
Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:
4) Which of the following are found in the structure labeled "3"?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
actin
titin
myosin
tropomyosin
all of the above
5) The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the ________ fiber.
A) high-density
B) fast
C) anaerobic
D) intermediate
E) slow
6) Heat energy produced from muscle contraction is released by the ________ system.
A) integumentary
B) cardiovascular
C) respiratory
D) urinary
E) all of the above
7) Fast fibers
A) have low resistance to fatigue.
B) rely on aerobic metabolism.
C) have many mitochondria.
D) have twitches with a very brief contraction phase.
E) both A and D
8) At peak levels of muscle exertion the mitochondria can supply
A) more than half of the energy required by the muscle.
B) all of the energy required by the muscle.
C) 80 percent of the energy required by the muscle.
D) only about one-third of the energy required by the muscle.
E) only about 10 percent of the energy required by the muscle.
9) In a sarcomere, thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the
A) Z line.
B) I band.
C) M line.
D) A band.
E) H band.
10) At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by
A) ATP molecules.
B) myosin molecules.
C) calcium ions.
D) tropomyosin molecules.
E) troponin molecules.
Figure 10-2 Muscle Contractions
Use Figure 10-2 to answer the following questions:
11) What is thought to happen in a muscle during the response shown in graph (a)?
A) It is aged and has lost contractile proteins.
B) It is fatigued and must make repeated efforts to twitch normally.
C) It is getting stronger with exercise.
D) There is a gradual increase in the concentration of calcium ions in the
sarcoplasm.
E) It is producing more ATP as tension increases.
12) Which of the following best describes the term Z line?
A) repeating unit of striated myofibrils
B) largely made of myosin molecules
C) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
D) thin filaments are anchored here
E) storage site for calcium ions
Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:
13) Where are the myosin molecules located?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8
14) Each thin filament consists of
A) six molecules coiled into a helical structure.
B) chains of myosin molecules.
C) a rod-shaped structure with "heads" projecting from each end.
D) two protein strands coiled helically around each other.
E) a double strand of myosin molecules.
15) Because skeletal muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal
muscles have
A) a rich nerve supply.
B) a rich blood supply.
C) abundant mitochondria.
D) A, B, and C
E) both B and C
16) The narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the
A) motor unit.
B) motor end plate.
C) M line.
D) synaptic cleft.
E) synaptic knob.
17) Decreased blood flow to a muscle could result in all of the following, except
A) muscle fatigue.
B) an increase in intracellular glycogen.
C) a shift to anaerobic glycolysis.
D) an oxygen debt.
E) an increase in intracellular lactate.
18) The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin.
The free myosin head splits ATP.
Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere.
Calcium ion binds to troponin.
The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin.
The correct sequence of these events is
A) 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2.
B) 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3.
C) 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5.
D) 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2.
E) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6.
19) Since each myofibril is attached at either end of the muscle fiber, when sarcomeres
shorten, the muscle fiber
A) shortens.
B) weakens.
C) strengthens.
D) lengthens.
E) not enough information to say
20) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Cardiac muscle stimulation is neural.
B) Skeletal muscle contractions may be summated.
C) Skeletal muscle stimulation is neural.
D) Cardiac muscle contractions cannot be summated.
E) Cardiocytes are interconnected through intercalated discs.
Figure 10-2 Muscle Contractions
Use Figure 10-2 to answer the following questions:
21) To produce a contraction similar to the one in graph (b), the muscle
A) is excited by a stimulus of increasing intensity.
B) is caused to produce isolated twitches.
C) gradually warms up.
D) must be stimulated to the point of fatigue.
E) must be stimulated again before it has relaxed from the previous stimulation.
22) Muscle tissue, one of the four basic tissue groups, consists chiefly of cells that are
highly specialized for
A) contraction.
B) conduction.
C) peristalsis.
D) cushioning
E) any of the above
23) Which of the following muscles would contract more forcefully?
A) a muscle receiving 20 to 25 action potentials per second
B) a muscle receiving 10 to 15 action potentials per second
24) Creatine phosphate
A) cannot transfer its phosphate group to ADP.
B) is only formed during strenuous exercise.
C) can replace ATP in binding to myosin molecules during contraction.
D) acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue.
E) is produced by the process of anaerobic respiration.
Figure 10-2 Muscle Contractions
Use Figure 10-2 to answer the following questions:
25) Why is there partial relaxation in graph (c)?
A) ATP reserves are cycling.
B) Stimulation intensity is fluctuating.
C) Calcium ion release is slow.
D) The muscle is starting to fatigue.
E) Nerve stimulation frequency is below maximum.
26) Which of the following does not originate or insert on the hyoid bone?
A) geniohyoid
B) sternothyroid
C) digastric
D) omohyoid
E) sternohyoid
27) A lever consists of
A) a tendon and a muscle.
B) a rigid structure.
C) a pivot point or fulcrum.
D) A, B, and C
E) B and C only
28) Which of the following is the origin of the bulbospongiosus?
A) coccyx
B) linea alba and pubis
C) ischial spine
D) collagen sheath at the base of the clitoris
E) inferior ischial ramus
29) Muscles that are long and round in cross section are termed
A) longus.
B) maximus.
C) longissimus.
D) teres.
E) brevis.
30) A muscle that inserts on the body of the mandible is probably involved in
A) spitting.
B) kissing.
C) blowing.
D) frowning.
E) chewing.
31) Which of the following muscles does not have an action that is antagonistic to the
action of the brachialis muscle?
A) triceps brachii medial head
B) triceps brachii long head
C) triceps brachii lateral head
D) brachioradialis
E) anconeus
32) The pectoralis major muscle inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. When it
contracts, it produces
A) flexion.
B) adduction.
C) medial rotation.
D) both A and C
E) A, B, and C
33) Which of the following terms could be used with a muscle that is associated with the
chin?
A) genio
B) costalis
C) popliteus
D) nuchal
E) cleido
34) Which of the following is a member of the hamstring group?
A) semimembranosus
B) biceps femoris
C) semitendinosus
D) all of the above
E) B and C only
35) Deep muscles are called
A) externus.
B) extrinsic.
C) profundus.
D) superficialis.
E) intrinsic.
36) The inferior ramus of the pubis is the origin and the medial tibia is the insertion of
the ________ muscle.
A) biceps femoris
B) vastus intermedius
C) gracilis
D) piriformis
E) sartorius
37) The band of collagen fibers that laterally braces the knee is the
A) tensor fasciae latae.
B) iliotibial tract.
C) piriformis.
D) linea alba.
E) linea aspera.
38) Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called
A) myofibrils.
B) sarcomeres.
C) myomeres.
D) myoblasts.
E) fascicles.
39) At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by
A) actin molecules.
B) ATP molecules.
C) troponin molecules.
D) myosin molecules.
E) calcium ions.
Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:
40) Identify the structure where ATP is produced.
A) 6
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 7
41) Which of the following is not characteristic of smooth muscle?
A) Smooth muscle connective tissue forms tendons and aponeuroses.
B) The thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies.
C) Smooth muscles do not contain sarcomeres.
D) Smooth muscles are uninucleate.
E) Neurons that innervate smooth muscles are under involuntary control.
Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:
42) Which structure actively pumps calcium ions out of the sarcoplasm to produce
relaxation?
A) 1
B) 7
C) 2
D) 3
E) 6
43) How would the loss of acetylcholinesterase from the motor end plate affect skeletal
muscle?
A) It would have little effect on skeletal muscles.
B) It would make the muscles less excitable.
C) It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax).
D) It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract).
E) It would produce muscle weakness.
44) The freedom of movement is relatively greater in the
A) pectoral girdle.
B) pelvic girdle.
45) Which of the following is the insertion of the triceps brachialis?
A) base of the second metacarpal
B) lateral condyle of the humerus
C) medial epicondyle of the humerus
D) infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula
E) olecranon process of the ulna
46) Which of the following muscles pulls on the iliotibial tract?
A) gluteus medius
B) pectineus
C) gluteus maximus
D) vastus medialis
E) both A and C
47) Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding human muscles?
A) Eye muscles are composed entirely of fast fibers.
B) Slow fibers are abundant in the back muscles.
C) Most have both slow and fast fibers.
D) Slow fibers are abundant in the calf muscles.
E) All of the above.
48) Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single
A) transverse tubule.
B) synaptic cleft.
C) synaptic knob.
D) neuromuscular junction.
E) sarcomere.
49) The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the
A) levator labii.
B) orbicularis oris.
C) buccinator.
D) procerus.
E) zygomaticus.
50) Compared to a "typical" body cell, skeletal muscle cells are
A) larger than normal cells.
B) capable of rapid shortening against a load.
C) multinucleate.
D) filled with crystalline 3-D arrays of fibrous proteins.
E) all of the above