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Study Guide Questions: Genetics (answer on a separate sheet of paper)
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What is the difference between diploid and haploid?
If an organism’s diploid number is 24, what would the haploid number be?
What does the process of meiosis produce?
When do chromosomes form tetrads?
Draw a tetrad.
Meiosis results in the formation of cell that are (diploid/haploid).
Meiosis results in how many daughter cells?
Are the daughter cells in meiosis genetically alike? Explain.
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
Identify the stages in meiosis when the cells are 2N. (diploid)
Identify the stages in meiosis when the cells are 1N. (haploid) At which stage are the cells
becoming haploid?
At which stage in meiosis does each cell have a single copy of each gene? Draw a picture of
this stage.
Gregor Mendel use pea plants to study the ______________ of traits.
What was he preventing when he removed the male parts from the flowers of some pea
plants?
From his experiments, he concluded that traits (are/are not) inherited through the passing of
factors from parents to offspring.
When Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant the F1 plants inherited an allele for
tallness from the _____ parent and an allele for shortness from the _____ parent.
This principle states that some alleles are dominant and some are recessive. It is the
principle of ___________.
Chemical factors that determine traits are called ________.
What is the probability that a flipped coin will come up tails?
What can the principles of probability be used to predict?
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
What is incomplete dominance?
If both alleles contribute to the phenotype of a organism it is called _________________.
24. What process is shown in the diagram above? At what stage of meiosis does this occur?
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What process is shown above?
Circle the stage where each cell has a single copy of each gene.
Name two genetic disorders which are sex-linked.
Blood type is considered to be caused by ____________ __________.
Why is colorblindness more common in males?
For the following genotype, write all the possible gametes: AaBB
A Punnett Square (does/does not) show the actual results of a genetic cross.
32. When a red cow is crossed with a white bull, a roan colored offspring occurs. What type of
inheritance is this?
33. Skin color is considered _________________.
34. True or False Gregor Mendel’s principles apply only to plants.
35. The formation of an egg during meioisis is called ___________.
36. A normal human karyotype would show _____ chromosomes.
37. True or False Homologous chromosomes, autosomes & sex chromosomes are all shown on a
karyotype.
38. Show what the sex chromosomes would be for a male.
39. Females can only make which type of egg?
40. What % of sperm will have an X chromosome?
41. True or False Because the X chromosome contains genes vital for normal development, no
baby has been born without one.
42. What does a female sex chromosomes look like?
43. Who is the Father of Genetics?
44. What is the study of heredity called?
45. What is the difference between phenotype & genotype?
46. When 2 alleles are alike, they are called _______________.
47. When 2 alleles are different, they are called __________________.
Answers to study guide Genetics:
1. diploid is a cell that has two of each kind of chromosome (body cells), and haploid are cells with only one kind of
each chromosome (gametes)
2. 12
3. gametes
4. during Prophase I
5. a tetrad consists of two homologous chromosomes side by side (4 chromatids)
6. haploid
7. 4
8. no, they have half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell- the homologous chromosomes (one from Mom
& one from Dad) have split
9. when chromosomes switch some genes, it gives us genetic variation and happens during Prophase I (be sure to look
at a diagram of this in your book)
10. Prophase I, Metaphase I (Anaphase I- starting to separate)
11. Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, & Telophase II *at anaphase I they are becoming haploid
12. Teleophase II (see your foldable or your book for a diagram of this)
13. inheritance
14. Preventing plants from self-pollinating
15. Are
16. Tall, short
17. dominance
18. Genes
19. ½
20. traits of offspring produced by genetic crosses
21. homozygous (2 alleles that are the same) heterozygous (two alleles are different)
22. situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene
23. codominance
24. crossing over
25. meiosis
26. last stage where 4 cells are shown (telophase II)
27. colorblindness and hemophilia
28. multiple alleles
29. the allele for colorblindness is recessive and when it is located on the X chromosome, it will be expressed in the male
offspring
30. AB, aB
31. does not
32. codominance
33. polygenic
34. false
35. oogenesis
36. 46
37. True
38. XY
39. X
40. 50%
41. true
42. XX
43. Mendel
44. Genetics
45. Pheotype is the physical appearance of an organism & Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism
46. homozygous
47. heterozygous