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Study Tips for Chapter 14 - Digestion Match the structure with its function: a. Stomach b. Pancreas c. Mouth d. Liver e. Pharynx ab. Rectum ac. salivary glands ad. Esophagus ae. small intestine abc. Large intestine abd. Anus abe. Gallbladder 1. Secretes saliva 2. Food is chewed and moistened here 3. Swallowing is initiated here 4. Protein digestion begins here 5. Produces bile 6. Reabsorbs water 7. Stores and expels feces 8. Digestion is completed here 9. Stores and concentrates bile 10. Secretes enzymes to digest all food groups 11. Muscular tube moving food from pharynx to stomach 12. Terminal opening for expelling feces Matching: a. Vitamin b. Villi c. Microvilli d. Calorie e. Chyme ab. Iron ac. secretin ad. Lipase ae. Bicarbonate abc. Gastrin 1. a fat digesting enzyme 2. Fingerlike projections on the folds of the stomach. 3. Microscopic projections on mucosal cells of the stomach 4. Hormone secreted by the stomach 5. Mineral element needed for production of hemoglobin 6. Neutralizes pH in saliva, pancreatic juice, and bile. 7. One of two hormones produced by the small intestine 8. A unit of energy 9. An organic compound required in minute amounts. 10. Contents of the duodenum Matching: a. b. c. d. e. ab. ac. Liver Pancreas Colon Caecum hepatic portal system Sigmoid colon Bile 1. Venous blood vessels that drain the stomach, intestines, and pancreas 2. Stores fat-soluble vitamins 3. Secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. 4. Divided into ascending, transverse, and descending sections. 5. Emulsifies lipids 6. The portion of the colon that joins the rectum 7. A pouch that receives chyme from the small intestine Fill in the blank/ multiple choice Stretching in the stomach signals the muscles to increase _________________. When the stomach stretches, neural reflexes increase secretion of _____________. The four layers of the GI tract are _________________, __________________, ________________, and ______________________. In which layer does absorbtion take place?___________________. Which layer has smooth muscle? _____________________. The accessory organs of the digestive system consist of ____________________, __________________, ____________________, and ____________________. Which one stores glycogen and some vitamins and iron? __________________. Which one inactivates chemicals like alcohol? __________________. When the food enters the small intestine it is called _____________. An enzyme secreted by the salivary glands is _______________. A) lysozyme b) amylase c) lypase d) pepsinogen e) trypsin. It digests ________________ a) proteins b) lipids c) carbohydrates d) all of the above. It works best in a/an ____________ environment. a) highly acid b) neutral An enzyme secreted by the stomach is _______________. A) lysozyme b) amylase c) lypase d) pepsinogen e) trypsin. It digests a) proteins b) lipids c) carbohydrates d) all of the above. It works best in a/an ____________ environment. a) highly acid b) neutral The digestion of ________________ begins in the small intestine. a) proteins b) lipids c) carbohydrates d) all of the above. The digestion of this material is enhanced by what substance produced by the liver, which emulsifies it? _______________. A) bicarbonate b) bile c) lipase d) vitamin K e) gastrin Mechanical digestion begins in a) mouth b) pharynx c) esophagus d) stomach e) duodenum The large intestine absorbs primarily a) nutrients b) vitamins and minerals c) lipids d) water Nutrient rich blood leaving the GI tract goes directly to the a) large intestine b) vessels of the body c) liver d) kidney Bile is produced by the __________ and stored by the _____________. A) gall bladder, small intestine b) gall bladder, liver c) liver, small intestine d) liver, gall bladder The pancreas secretes enzymes that aid digestion of a) carbohydrates b) fats c) lipids d) all of the above Most of the digestion that takes place in the small intestine occurs in a) the duodenum b) the ileum c) the jejunum d) the lactiles Enzyme activity in the stomach contributes to the digestion of a) carbohydrates b) proteins c) lipids d) all of the above Malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter may result in ______________ a) bulimia b) acid reflux c) stomach ulcer d) diarrhea The tongue is primarily a) skeletal muscle b) smooth muscle c) connective tissue d) epithelial tissue The random contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle for the purpose of mixing food is called a) mechanical processing b) peristalsis c) segmentation d) motility Which of the following components of saliva inhibit bacterial growth? A) bicarbonate b) lysozyme c) mucin d) amylase Which of the following represents the path of food after leaving the mouth? A) pharynx, larynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine. B) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. C) larynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. D) larynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Your daily energy needs to perform essential activities like breathing and maintaining organ function is called you’re a) caloric intake b) basal metabolic rate c) essential amino acid requirements d) essential fatty acids e) none of the above Matching a. Lactose intolerance b. Gallstones c. Colon polyps d. Anorexia nervosa e. Diverticulosis ab. Obesity ac. Hepatitis ad. Bulimia 1) excessive cholesterol in the bile 2) weight is 30% or more then a healthy weight 3) binge and purge condition 4) excessive dieting 5) inflamation of the liver usually by a virus 6) weakness of the intestinal wall 7) noncancerous growths 8) difficulty digesting milk Study Tips for Chapter 15: Urinary System Fill in the Blank 1. 2. 3. 4. Structure that carries urine outside the body. ______________ Structure in the nephron where filtration occurs. _____________ Structure that stores urine. ________________ Structure that delivers urine to the bladder from the kidney. _____________ 1. The active transport of ______________ out of the renal tubular cell membrane is the key to re-absorption of other materials. 2. The nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine is _______________ 3. The dissolved substances in the urine is called the _____________. 4. The kidneys can produce either a dilute or concentrated urine by regulating reabsorption of ______________. 5. The kidney controls the acid-base or pH of the blood by regulating the amount of ___________ and ______________ it excretes Matching: Diuretic hemodialysis Kidney stone An obstruction in the kidney _____________ The artificial cleansing of the blood by a machine. ________________ Any substance that increases urine flow. ______________ Which gland secretes ADH? _____________________ What is the action of ADH on the kidney? __________