Download Chapter 7 Study Guide

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Chapter 7 Study Guide
1. Which wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases? P-wave
2. Which wave can travel only through a solid? S-wave
3. Which wave travels the fastest? P-wave
4. Which wave is the surface wave? L-wave
5. Which measure the magnitude “strength” of an earthquake? Richter Scale
6. Which measure the height of the waves, time, and the epicenter? (hint: paper) seismogram
7. Which is the breaking point “below the surface” where the earthquake starts? focus
8. Which is the point directly “above the surface” which is above the focus? epicenter
9. Which wave travels the slowest? L-wave / surface wave
10. Which wave creates the most destruction? L-wave / surface wave
11. Seismic waves are recorded by a machine called a
seismograph / seismometer
12. How many seismograph stations do you need in order to find the epicenter? 3
13. If an earthquake begins while you are in a building, the safest thing to do is
14. The strongest earthquakes usually occur near which boundary? convergent
15. The majority of moderate earthquakes usually occur near which boundary? transform
16. Seismologists use the S-P-time method to find an earthquake’s epicenter
17. Convergent boundaries have what type of fault? reverse
18. Another name for Primary waves are
P-wave
19. Another name for Secondary waves are
20. Another name for Surface waves are
S-wave
L-wave
21. If there was an earthquake in the Pacific Ocean, what would people living on the beach need to be
worried about? tsunami / costal flooding
22. Where are the youngest rocks found? near mid-ocean ridges
23. How are mountains formed?
24. What 5 factors influence the amount of damage caused by an earthquake?
25. Will a city 10 miles away from an epicenter or 100 miles away from an epicenter most likely
experience the most damage? 10 miles
26. Where do most earthquakes occur? plate boundaries
27. How do seismologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake? (be detailed)
28. How do we know that there are different layers of the Earth if we have never drilled beyond the
crust? What have scientists studied? earthquakes / seismic waves
29. Name the 3 plate boundaries and the 3 faults. convergent, divergent, transform, normal, reverse,
strike-slip
30. A break in the Earth’s crust is called a fault
31. Which waves travel through the Earth’s interior? (be specific) P-wave & S-wave
32. What can cause a tsunami? (name at least 4 things) earthquakes, volcanoes, meteorite, landslides
33. Which ocean would be the most dangerous in relation to tsunamis? Why? Pacific Ocean
34. Data from seismograms are used to find what? epicenter
35. What 3 things can you do to prepare for an earthquake? (your own opinion)
Define:
1. earthquakes 2. aftershocks –
3. seismic waves –
4. elastic rebound 5. body waves 6. surface waves –
7. epicenter 8. focus 9. seismograph 10. seismogram 11. magnitude –
12. intensity –
13. tsunami –