Download AP Biology Free-Response Week 7 (September 15, 2008)

AP Biology Free-Response Week 7 (September 15, 2008)
Use the tips for answering free response questions found on the FSHS AP Biology website.
Each question should be answered in essay form with complete sentences and labeled clearly.
After completing answer, use a highlighter to emphasize main points and clarifying details of
your response. Your free response questions will comprise a major test grade each nine
weeks.
1.Photosynthesis and cellular respiration recycle oxygen in ecosystems. Respond to two of the
following:
a. Explain how the metabolic processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis recycle
oxygen.
b. Discuss the structural adaptations that function in oxygen exchange between each of the
following organisms and its environment: a plant; an insect; a fish.
c. Trace a molecule of O2 from the environment to a muscle cell in a vertebrate of your
choice.
2. Meiosis reduces chromosome number and rearranges genetic information.
a. Explain how the reduction and rearrangement are accomplished in meiosis.
b. Several human disorders occur as a result of defects in the meiotic process. Identify
two such chromosomal abnormality; what effects does it have on the phenotype of
people with each of these disorders? Describe how this abnormality could result from
a defect in meiosis.
c. Production of offspring by parthenogenesis or cloning by-passes the typical meiotic
process. Describe either parthenogenesis or cloning and compare the genomes of the
offspring with those of the parents.
3.Describe the process of cell division in plant and animal cells giving specific attention to the
following:
a. the stages of mitosis, cytokinesis, and other phases of the cell cycle (do not include
meiosis)
b. factors that induce cells to divide.
c. Factors that might contribute to abnormal cell divisions such as cancer.
4.The use of biomass energy avoids many of the problems associated with gathering, refining,
transporting and burning fossil fuels. Yet biomass energy is not without its own set of problems.
A.What challenges do you think would arise from a large-scale conversion to
biomass energy?
B. How do these challenges compare with those encountered with fossil fuels?
C. Which set of challenges do you think is more likely to be overcome
eventually?
D. Do you think any one type of energy has more benefits and fewer costs than
others? Which one, and why?