Download Vocabulary/Concepts for the Heredity Unit

Vocabulary/Concepts for the Heredity Unit
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Mitosis: cell division in body cells which produces 2 identical cells.
Steps in Mitosis:
o Interphase: hereditary information (chromosomes) copied/doubled.
o Prophase: Nuclear membrane dissolves, centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell, and spindle
fibers begin to form.
o Metaphase: Pairs of chromatids line up across the cell.
o Anaphase: chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
o Telophase: Spindle fibers disappear and cytoplasm separates. Cell membrane pinches off to
form 2 new cells.
Meiosis: Cell division in sex cells which produces 4 cells with ½ the chromosomes (original cell has 46
chromosomes or 23 pairs, new cells only have 23 chromosomes)
Fertilization
Sperm
Egg
Zygote: cell formed from fertilization.
DNA & Genes: Carry our genetic information/traits.
Genetic Mutations
Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics
Dominant Trait: stronger trait, trait that is most often expressed or seen
Recessive Trait: weaker trait often hidden by the dominant trait.
Hybrid: Two different traits
Purebred: Two same traits
Homozygous: Purebred (Ex – TT or tt)
Heterozygous: Hybrid (Ex – Tt)
Probability
Punnett Square: Chart used to make predictions about possible traits/characteristics of offspring.
Genotype: genetic make-up of an organism (the letters used to represent the trait)
Phenotype: physical appearance, the trait that is expressed.
Allele: each individual trait/characteristic and the letter used to represent that trait (different forms of a trait
that make up a gene pair).
Incomplete Dominance: the heterozygous appears to be a blend of the two characteristics/traits.
(Ex – Red 4 O’clock flowers crossed with White 4 O’clock flowers produce pink 4 O’clock flower
offspring).
Multiple Alleles: traits controlled by more that two alleles (Ex – Blood Type A, B, and O)
Polygenic Inheritance: a group of gene pairs that act together to produce a trait (Ex – different shades of eye
or hair color).
Chromosome Disorders
Genetic Mutations
Sex-Linked Disorders: carried on the sex chromosomes (Ex – Colorblindness)
Online Textbook Link and step to access:
Go to: http://booka.msscience.com
Under red header “Textbook Resources” under “Student Center”, click on “Online Student Edition”
On the next screen, on the left, click on “Online Student Edition” again
On the next screen, click on “For online student edition click here”
The logon page will come up
Here is the logon info:
Access Code: A9B1E39A63 (It is case sensitive!)