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Transcript
Nuclear Chemistry Practice Problems You have 10 minutes. You may not use a calculator. You may use your AP periodic table. For each question, circle the letter of your choice. 1. When is: decays, it emits 2 α particles, then a β particle, followed by an α particle. The resulting nucleus 2. The formation of from A. electron capture B. α decay C. β decay D. positron decay E. γ decay occurs by: 3. Which of the following lists the types of radiation in the correct order of increasing penetrating power? A. α, γ, β B. β, α, γ C. α, β, γ D. β, γ, α E. γ, β, α 4. What is the missing product in the following nuclear reaction? 5. Which of the following statements are correct concerning β particles? I. They have a mass number of zero and a charge of –1. II. They are electrons. III. They are less penetrating than α particles. A. B. C. D. I and III II and III I only II only 2. An atom of undergoes radioactive decay by α emission. What is the product nuclide? 3. If 75% of a sample of pure A. 24.6 yr A. B. C. D. decays in 24.6 years, what is the half-life of ? 18.4 yr 12.3 yr 6.15 yr 3.07 yr Answers and Explanations 1. D—The mass should be 226 – (4 + 4 + 0 + 4) = 214. The atomic number should be 88 – (2 + 2 – 1 + 2) = 83. 2. B—Mass difference = 234 – 230 = 4, and atomic number difference = 92 – 90 = 2. These correspond to an α particle. 3. C—Alpha particles are the least penetrating, and gamma rays are the most penetrating. 4. C—Mass difference = 236 – 4(1) – 136 = 96. Atomic number difference = 92 – 4(0) – 53 = 39. 5. A—In nuclear reactions the mass of a β particle is treated as 0, with a charge of –1. Electrons and β particles are the same thing. 6. B—Mass number = 238 – 4 = 234, and atomic number = 92 – 2 = 90. 7. C—After one half-life, 50% would remain. After another half-life this would be reduced by one-half to 25%. The total amount decayed is 75%. Thus, 24.6 yr must be two half-lives of 12.3 yr each.