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Transcript
Nuclear Radiation Radioactivity As the heavier atoms become more unstable, particles and photons are emitted from the nucleus and it is said to be radioactive. All elements with Atomic # greater than 82 are radioactive. a bb+ g Alpha particles a b- particles (electrons) Gamma rays g (sometimes positrons) The Alpha Particle An alpha particle a is the nucleus of a helium atom consisting of two protons and two neutrons tightly bound. Relatively low speeds Not very penetrating The Beta-minus Particle A beta-minus particle b- is simply an electron that has been expelled from the nucleus. - High speeds Very penetrating The Gamma Photon A gamma ray g has very high electromagnetic radiation carrying energy away from the nucleus. g g g Very fast g Most penetrating radiation Radioactive Decay If the ratio of neutrons/protons gets very large, the nucleus becomes unstable and often particles and/or photons are emitted. . 4 2 a The half-life T1/2 of an isotope is the time in which onehalf of its unstable nuclei will decay. 1 N N0 2 n Where n is number of half-lives Number Undecayed Nuclei The Half-Life No N0 2 N0 4 1 2 3 4 Number of Half-lives
