Download Western Europe

Western
Europe
…From
inconsequential to insanely
competitive
Mrs. Kirkpatrick : Social Studies 8
Are you ready?
Use 3 words to sum up the
reasons why western
Europe put so much
effort into exploration.
God, Gold & Glory
Why Explore?
•Desire for luxury goods
Rise of nationalism
•Overland routes treacherous
•Nations compete
•Advanced Asian technologies
•Muslims, Italians
controlled trade
•Desire to spread Christianity
•Find new trade routes
Technology
The caravel
could sail
against the
wind
The astrolabe
determined
location at sea
The compass
tracked
direction
Weapons became
more advanced
Cartography
•Ptolemy translation inspired new mapmaking
•Mercator projection helped navigators
•http://www.theguardian.com/global/gallery/2009/apr/17/world-maps-mercator-goode-robinson-petershammer#/?picture=346092534&index=0
Are You Ready?
Who did this?
Who did this?
Early Explorers
•Bartolomeu Dias:
Portuguese
•Vasco Da Gama:
Portuguese
•Prince Henry the Navigator: Portuguese
Trading Empires:
Portugal
Venice will receive no spices unless
her merchants go to buy them in
Portugal.
•Controlled Indian Ocean trade
•Controlled spice trade by defeating Muslims
•Opened Indonesia (East Indies) &
Spice Islands
•Goods delivered to Europeans at
1/5th the cost
•Bypassed Italian middle-men
Mercantilism
•Creates balance of trade
•Colonies provide raw materials
•Raw materials made into finished products in
“mother country”
•Colonies = markets for finished goods
Monopolies
= Exclusive control over production/distribution of goods
• Dutch established clove monopoly
•Placed restrictions on trade
•Natives had to accept low price for goods
•Natives had to buy imported goods
Ended when seedlings were transported and grown elsewhere
Impact
• Prices of Asian goods
dropped
• Colonies established
in Brazil
– Sugar plantations
– Forced conversion
– Brazilian natives
suffered
• Africans enslaved
Are You Ready?
Who did this?
Spain
Columbus
• Ferdinand & Isabella funded
• rejected by Portugal
• Sailed west to reach Asia
• Landed on Hispaniola (Caribbean)
Magellan
•Believed Columbus found new land
mass
•Wanted to find strait through So.
America
•First to circumnavigate the globe
Magellan
Treaty of Tordesillas
•Rivalry between Spain
and Portugal
increased
•Portugal believed
Columbus had
reached Asia
•Feared Spain would
claim lands Portugal
should have
•Pope solves issue
•Invisible line drawn
N/S through Atlantic
Ocean
•West = Spain
•East = Portugal
•Line moved west to
favor Portugal
Are You Ready?
Name 2 ways European
exploration had impact for
Europeans.
Name 2 ways European
exloration impacted nonEuropean people.
Impact of Exploration
• Changed European’s view of the world
• Settlements in West Indies
–Brought new crops
–Devastating for native peoples
–Increased African slavery