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EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
Causes and effects
Causes
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Desire for wealth and power- sea route to Asia
Religious aims –spread Christianity and drive out the
Muslims
Renaissance spirit—explore the unknown
Improvement in technology—strong ships; better
navigational instruments; accurate maps
Immediate Effects
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Sailors learned more about geography; improved navigation.
Portuguese built plantations and trading posts in West Africa.
Portuguese discovered a sea route to India
Columbus reached Americas.
Magellan’s crew ailed around the world.
Line of Demarcation was established to prevent disputes over
newly discovered lands.
Spain and Portugal Compete
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King John II was unhappy with the pope's placement of the line. He believed that it
favored Spain. So he demanded that the Spanish rulers meet with him to change the
pope's decision. In June 1494, the two countries agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas.
This treaty moved the Line of Demarcation more than 800 miles farther to the west.
The change eventually allowed Portugal to claim much of eastern South America,
which later became the Portuguese colony of Brazil. Following this agreement, Spain
and Portugal increased their voyages of exploration.
Long-term effects
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European nations competed to established colonies in the
Americas; greatly increased their wealth and power.
Europe established sea trade with India
Expanded slave trade
Why Explore??
Mercantilism: Economic Theory of the 16th – 18th centuries
The belief that a nation's wealth consisted
primarily in the amount of gold and silver in
its treasury.
Objectives
1. Accumulate precious metals
2. Protect home industries against foreign
competition
3. Enable home industries to compete successfully
4. Create a prosperous and powerful national state
Necessary components:
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“favorable” balance of trade
Colonies
A large population
Manufacturing favored over agriculture
Gvt. Passed Laws to regulate trade:
1. Limited colonial manufacturing
2. Regulate trade; Parliament aided the
Enclosure movement.