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Western Europe …From inconsequential to insanely competitive Mrs. Kirkpatrick : Social Studies 8 Are you ready? Use 3 words to sum up the reasons why western Europe put so much effort into exploration. God, Gold & Glory Why Explore? •Desire for luxury goods Rise of nationalism •Overland routes treacherous •Nations compete •Advanced Asian technologies •Muslims, Italians controlled trade •Desire to spread Christianity •Find new trade routes Technology The caravel could sail against the wind The astrolabe determined location at sea The compass tracked direction Weapons became more advanced Cartography •Ptolemy translation inspired new mapmaking •Mercator projection helped navigators •http://www.theguardian.com/global/gallery/2009/apr/17/world-maps-mercator-goode-robinson-petershammer#/?picture=346092534&index=0 Are You Ready? Who did this? Who did this? Early Explorers •Bartolomeu Dias: Portuguese •Vasco Da Gama: Portuguese •Prince Henry the Navigator: Portuguese Trading Empires: Portugal Venice will receive no spices unless her merchants go to buy them in Portugal. •Controlled Indian Ocean trade •Controlled spice trade by defeating Muslims •Opened Indonesia (East Indies) & Spice Islands •Goods delivered to Europeans at 1/5th the cost •Bypassed Italian middle-men Mercantilism •Creates balance of trade •Colonies provide raw materials •Raw materials made into finished products in “mother country” •Colonies = markets for finished goods Monopolies = Exclusive control over production/distribution of goods • Dutch established clove monopoly •Placed restrictions on trade •Natives had to accept low price for goods •Natives had to buy imported goods Ended when seedlings were transported and grown elsewhere Impact • Prices of Asian goods dropped • Colonies established in Brazil – Sugar plantations – Forced conversion – Brazilian natives suffered • Africans enslaved Are You Ready? Who did this? Spain Columbus • Ferdinand & Isabella funded • rejected by Portugal • Sailed west to reach Asia • Landed on Hispaniola (Caribbean) Magellan •Believed Columbus found new land mass •Wanted to find strait through So. America •First to circumnavigate the globe Magellan Treaty of Tordesillas •Rivalry between Spain and Portugal increased •Portugal believed Columbus had reached Asia •Feared Spain would claim lands Portugal should have •Pope solves issue •Invisible line drawn N/S through Atlantic Ocean •West = Spain •East = Portugal •Line moved west to favor Portugal Are You Ready? Name 2 ways European exploration had impact for Europeans. Name 2 ways European exloration impacted nonEuropean people. Impact of Exploration • Changed European’s view of the world • Settlements in West Indies –Brought new crops –Devastating for native peoples –Increased African slavery