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Biology - Final Practice 3
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form"?
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The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed by
A.
Pasteur.
B.
Mendel.
C.
Darwin.
D.
Hooke.
The term to describe a bb combination of alleles is _______.
A.
pure or homozygous recessive.
B.
pure or homozygous dominant.
C.
heterozygous.
D.
pure heterozygous.
The many different breeds of domestic dog were produced by:
A.
natural selection.
B.
artificial selection.
C.
kin selection.
D.
mutation.
Fast and slow rabbits are rival for food and shelter. This is an example of
A.
selection.
B.
mutation.
C.
competition.
D.
evolution.
Which philosopher formulated the theory that each living organism is an imperfect copy of the "ideal
A.
Plato
B.
Wallace
C.
Lamarck
D.
Darwin
One kind of evidence that life existed in the past is called a
A.
mutation.
B.
fossil.
C.
variation.
D.
selection.
According to the Law of Segregation, in an organism with the genotype Aa
A.
all the gametes will have the gene A.
B.
all the gametes will have the gene a.
C.
Half the gametes will have A and half will have a.
D.
1 out of 10 gametes will have Aa.
The theory of Catastrophism is:
A.
cats will take over the world.
B.
The Earth will be destroyed by a catastrophic explosion at some time in the distant
future.
C.
The history of the Earth and universe will end with a big-bang.
D.
The Earth has experienced a series of geological catastrophes imposed by a
supernatural
being.
9.
An owl that feeds on certain mice is doing the choosing of who will survive. This is an example of
A.
natural selection.
B.
adaptations.
C.
mutations.
D.
passing on.
10. The theory that "organisms can modify their bodies through the use or disuse of parts, and that these
modifications can be passed on to their offspring" was formulated by
A.
Hutton.
B.
Darwin.
C.
Aristotle.
D.
Lamarck.
11. Natural selection is
A.
a group of populations whose individuals have
the
potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
B.
an organism modifies it's body through use or disuse of parts of the body.
C.
the process by which each type of organism is
descended from ancestors that were similar but not identical to it.
D.
the process by which environment selects for
those
individuals who are best adapted to the particular environment.
12. A mouse with genes Bb would have _____ hair. Black hair (B) is dominant to white hair (b).
A.
black
B.
white
C.
mixed black and white
D.
cannot be determined
13. Dominant alleles are always written as a
A.
capital letter.
B.
lower case letter.
C.
trait.
D.
Punnett square.
14. Which of these are NOT included in the theory of evolution by natural selection?
A.
variability
B.
survival of the most fit
C.
organisms striving to become "better" D.
mutation
15. If, in a heterozygous individual, only one allele is expressed in the phenotype, that allele is
A.
normal.
B.
haploid.
C.
diploid.
D.
dominant.
16. In the 18th century, two important problems prevented most people from believing any ideas about
evolution of species. These problems concerned:
A.
time and a mechanism for change.
B.
fossils and creationism.
C.
catastrophism and uniformitarianism.D. fossils.
17. Genetic experiments that use a parental variety differing in one single trait are known as
A.
monohybrid cross.
B.
dihybrid cross.
C.
multiple hybrid crosses. D.
recessive.
18. Evolution is
A.
a rare event.
B.
currently occurring only in scientific labs.
C.
constantly occurring at the same rate in all
organisms.
D.
a process that occurs as a result of differences in reproductive fitness.
19. A trait that makes a living thing different from others in its species is called a(n)
A.
evolution
B.
natural selection.
C.
fossil.
D.
variation.
20. The term to describe a Bb combination of genes is ________.
A.
pure or homozygous recessive. B.
pure or homozygous dominant.
C.
heterozygous.
D.
pure heterozygous.
21. Which of these is heterozygous?
A.
AA
B. Bb
C.
bb
D. both B and C are correct.
22. The genetic makeup of an individual is its
A.
phenotype.
B. sex cells.
C.
mutation.
D. genotype.
23. Which is NOT a source of variation?
A.
natural selection
B. mutation
C.
sexual reproduction
D.
meiosis
24. Alleles that prevent other alleles from showing traits are called
A.
pure
B. dominant.
C.
recessive.
D. heterozygous.
25. A trait that makes an individual different from others in its species is
A.
variation.
B. competition.
C.
an adaptation.
D. selection.
26. Brown eyes describe a person's
A.
phenotype.
B.
genotype.
C.
success in life.
D.
chromosomes.
27. Variation comes from
A.
a genetic disorder.
B.
a chance mutation.
C.
the fossil record.
D.
physically fit individuals.
28. Animals that are most fit for their surroundings usually
A.
are killed.
B.
survive and reproduce.
C.
do not reproduce.
D.
kill other animals.
29. Any organism that has two identical sets of alleles is known as
A.
heterozygous.
B.
homozygous.
C.
an identical twin.
D.
dominant.
30. A mutation is helpful depending on whether it makes the living thing
A.
larger.
B.
smaller.
C.
better adapted.
D.
another color.
31. The 23rd pair of chromosomes that differ in males and females are called
A.
autosomes.
B.
sex chromosomes.
C.
multiple alleles.
D.
polygenes.
32. A mouse with genes bb would have _______ hair. Black hair (B) is dominant to white hair (b).
A.
black
B.
white
C.
mixed black and white
D.
cannot be determined
33. A species is a group of organisms that ...
A.
looks the same.
B.
lives in the same place.
C.
is the same genetically. D.
can interbreed and produce fertile
offspring.
34. If the weather in Richmond, Virginia changed to very cold (snow on the ground 8 months of each year)
over the next few years, what change might occur?
A.
The cold weather would cause a mutation in
squirrels which causes which causes their fur to be
white.
B.
If a mutation occurred which caused white fur to develop, such white
squirrels would have a better chance to survive and produce more offspring with the characteristic.
C.
Evolution would definitely occur resulting in
white squirrels.
D.
Natural selection would cause a new genotype to appear in the population,
resulting in squirrels with white fur.
35. Which of these actually evolves
A.
individuals
B.
populations
C.
species
D.
communities
36. The environment of a population selects individuals that will survive. This is called
A.
competition.
B.
natural selection.
C.
brutal facts of life.
D.
mutualism.
37. Recessive alleles are always written as a
A.
combination.
B.
trait.
C.
capital letter.
D.
lower case letter.
38. The recessive gene is one
A.
that is not expressed as strongly as a
dominant allele.
B.
whose effect is hidden or masked by a dominant
allele.
C.
that appears only when heterozygous.
D.
that cannot be seen when homozygous.
39. The notations A and a in genetics problems represent the
A.
phenotype of the individual.
B.
dominant and recessive alleles.
C.
DNA nucleotides.
D.
both B and C are correct.
40. Natural selection can best be defined as the
A.
survival of the biggest and strongest
organisms in a population.
B.
elimination of the smallest organisms by the
biggest
organisms.
C.
survival and reproduction of the organisms
which occupy the largest area.
D.
survival and reproduction of the organisms
which are genetically best adapted to the environment.
41. Which of the following statements is true?
A.
A long distance runner will produce gametes
with good genes for running because their bodies are in such good physical condition.
B.
Exercise can have an effect on genes.
C.
What a person does during their life can have no effect on their genetic
makeup other than random genetic changes from exposure to chemicals or
radiation.
D.
People who are healthy tend to have healthier DNA.
42. Which of these is a true statement?
A.
Natural selection causes genetic change in an individual.
B.
Natural selection causes genetic change in populations.
C.
Evolution causes natural selection.
D.
Environmental change causes most heritable
variations in an individual.
43. Sex cells in a female have the following chromosomes:
A.
XX
B.
YY
C.
XY
D.
autosomes
44. A cross of more than 1 trait is considered a
A.
monohybrid cross.
B.
genetic cross.
C.
multicross.
D.
dihybrid cross.
45. Which of these is homozygous?
A.
AA
B.
Bb
C.
aa
D.
Both A and C are correct.
46. Darwin and Wallace both realized that most species produce many more offspring than is necessary to
maintain a constant population. What is the fate of the excess individuals?
A.
It is random which individuals die.
B.
They evolve to take advantage of available
resources.
C.
Evolution kills them.
D.
The more favorable forms survive and
reproduce, the others do not.
47. Inheritable mutations, which may allow a population to evolve, are produced
A.
by chance.
B.
in response to environmental change.
C.
by coevolution.
D.
by artificial selection.
48. A change in the genetic makeup of a population is:
A.
natural selection.
B.
uniformitarianism.
C.
artificial selection.
D.
evolution.
49. A Punnett square shows which alleles will combine when _____ join?
A.
egg
B.
sperm
C.
both a and b are correct
D.
neither a nor b are correct
50. A limited amount of resources and an unlimited ability for an organism to reproduce results in
A.
mutualism.
B.
larger animals.
C.
mutations.
D.
competition.
51. The genetic makeup of an individual is its
A.
phenotype.
B.
sex cells.
C.
genotype.
D.
mutation.
52. Natural selection selects for or against...
A.
genotypes.
B.
phenotypes.
C.
gene pools.
D.
populations.
53. A mutation is a change in the ______ of an organism.
A.
color
B.
DNA code
C.
environment
D.
birthrate
54. A human male has sex chromosomes
A.
XX.
B.
X only.
C.
XY.
D.
Y only.
55. Alleles that can be hidden or masked by other alleles are called
A.
pure.
B.
dominant.
C.
recessive.
D.
heterozygous