Download Chapter 9 Reading Guide Section 1, Greece and Persia 1. Complete

Chapter 9 Reading Guide
Section 1, Greece and Persia
1. Complete the key terms & vocabulary for 9.1:
*Cyrus the Great- __________________________________________________
*Cavalry- ________________________________________________________
*Darius I- ________________________________________________________
*Persian Wars- ____________________________________________________
*Xerxes I- ________________________________________________________
2. Where is Persia located? On the continent of Asia; E of Arabian Peninsula, E
of the Persian Gulf, SE of Greece.
3. Who was the person who started the Persian Empire? Cyrus the Great_
What did he do for the people to keep them from rebelling against him?
He let the people he conquered keep their own customs.
4. Do “Interpreting Maps” on p. 261. Answer Q. # 1-2.
1) Cyrus the Great
2) Sardis & Susa
5. Who took over after Cyrus the Great, and then his son, died? Darius I. This
person organized his government into provinces and then appointed governors
(satraps). What did these governors do? They ruled for him. They collected
taxes, served as judges & put down rebellions within their territories.
6. What kinds of improvements did he do for the empire?
*Built roads to connect the empire (Royal Road- 1,000 miles)
*Messenger system *New capital (Persepolis) *Filled city with works of art
*New religion, Zoroastrianism (Two forces fighting- one good god & one bad god)
7. Greeks under Persian rule rebelled. Persia and Greece started fighting. This
began a series of wars, which are known as the Persian Wars. Where did they
meet first? _Plain of Marathon_ Who won? _Greeks__ What Olympic event is
named for this battle and why? Marathon- b/c a messenger allegedly ran 26
miles from Marathon to Athens to announce their victory!
8. Complete the following chart: (See p. 265 #4 for directions.)
BATTLE
DATE
ARMIES
WINNER
RESULT
Battle of
Marathon
510 BC
Greeks &
Persians
Battle of
Thermopylae
480 BC
Battle of
Salamis
Immediately
follows Battle of
Thermopylae
Greeks
(Spartans/
Athenians
now join
together) &
Persians
Greeks &
Persians
Battle of
Plataea
Immediately
follows Battle of
Salamis
Greeks &
Persians
Greeks (won b/c
they had better
weapons &
clever leaders)
Persians
Persians withdrew.
This marked the
start of the Persian
Wars.
Greeks
Greeks sank
Persian ships b/c
they couldn’t
steer well in the
narrow strait
Ended the
Persian Wars.
The Persians
Greeks
Persians went on
to burn Athens
after defeating the
Spartans
were defeated &
left Greece.
9. Do “Interpreting Maps” on p. 264. Answer Q. #1-2.
1) near Sparta & Athens
2) about 700 miles
10. Complete the chart below. (See p. 265 #4 for directions).
LEADER
MILITARY
OTHER
ACCOMPLISHMENT
ACCOMPLISHMENTS &
FACTS
Cyrus the Great
Darius I
Xerxes I
(Darius’ son)
Won independence for
Persians & conquered the
Medes. This victory marked
the beginning of the
Persian Empire. He
conquered much of SW
Asia, Mesopotamia, etc…
(cavalry & Immortals)
Wanted to expand the
Persian empire. He
conquered the Indus Valley
in the east & began to
move west into Europe.
Vowed revenge on Greeks
for assisting some Asian
city-states in their revolts. 9
years later he invaded
Greece & started the
Persian Wars.
10 years after Battle of
Marathon, Xerxes tries to
conquer Greece again (480
BC). They were ultimately
defeated. (See battle chart
above).
When he died in 529 BC,
he ruled the largest empire
the world had ever seen.
He let the people he
conquered keep their own
customs. This made them
less likely to rebel.
He killed all his rivals for
power when he came to the
throne in Persia. He
organized the empire into
20 provinces. Satraps ruled
for him.
He was Darius’ son.
Section 2, Sparta and Athens
1. Complete the key terms & vocabulary for 9.2:
*Peloponnesian War- _______________________________________________
*Alliance- ________________________________________________________
2. Complete a venn diagram on Sparta and Athens. Include similarities /
differences in military, government, education, boys/men & girls/women.
Similarities: Greek language & religion; more rights for men than women,
powerful armies.
MILITARY
EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT
WOMEN
SPARTA
Main
Limited to the
Ruled by 2 kings
Had rights but
element in
basics; focuses who jointly led the
men had
society
on physical
army. Elected
more, owned
education,
officials actually
land, received
spoke Greek
held more power.
physical
training
ATHENS
Limited
Wealthy boys
Democratic
Few rights, not
service (men were educated; government
educated
only had to
emphasized
join 2 years); more than just
focused on
physical
arts too.
education,
spoke Greek
3. What is the war between Sparta and Athens called? _Peloponnesian War_
What are the dates of this war? ___431 BC – 404 BC____
Why was it called this? ____It took place on the Peloponnesus.______
4. Why did many city-states form an alliance against Athens?
____They did this because Athens started treating them like subjects instead of
members of an alliance.____
5. Do “Interpreting Maps” on p. 270. Answer Q. #1-2
1) Athens
2) About 600 miles
Section 3, Alexander the Great
1. Complete the key terms & vocabulary for 9.3:
*Phillip II- ________________________________________________________
*Phalanx- ________________________________________________________
*Alexander the Great- ______________________________________________
*Hellenistic- ______________________________________________________
2. Who became king of Macedonia in 359 BC? _Philip II_
Who was his main target initially?_Greece_What did this lead to eventually?
__Few Greeks responded to Athens’ plea to fight. Athens & Thebes were
defeated & the rest of the Greeks agreed to let Philip II be their leader.____
3. What was Philip II’s 2nd target? _Persia_ Was he successful? _No_
Why or why not?_He was assassinated in 336 BC at his daughter’s wedding.__
4. How did Philip II improve the phalanx? He made the spears of the
Macedonians’ longer than his opponents’ spears.
5. Who became king after Philip II? __Alexander the Great__
6. Complete the table below as you read about Alexander the Great.
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
PLACES HE
HOW DID HE SPREAD
CONQUERED
GREEK CULTURE?
Asia Minor
By founding cities in the lands
he conquered & modeling
them after the cities in
Greece.
Egypt
He built temples & theaters
like the ones found in Greece.
Persian Empire
He encouraged Greek settlers
to move to his new cities.
They spoke Greek & this
became common throughout
the empire.
KINGDOMS CREATED
OUT OF HIS DEATH
Macedonia
Syria
Egypt
7. What year did Alexander the Great die? _323 BC_ How old was he? _33_
8. Why were the 3 kingdoms created after his death called Hellenistic?
Because they were not Greek, but they were Greek-like.
9. Do “Interpreting Maps” on p. 275. Answer Q. #1-2.
1) About 3,300 miles
2) Aegean Sea, Nile River, Tigris River & Euphrates River, Indus River,
Oxus River
ENRICHMENT:
1. How might history have been different if Alexander had not died so young? He
may have continued to conquer various areas and expand his empire.
2. Why did the Persians & the Greeks react differently to the end of the Persian
Wars? (9.1) The Persians were obviously humiliated and upset that they lost all
of their empire to the Greeks. The Greeks were happy to be able to regain
control of their city-states without Persian interference.
Section 4, Greek Achievements
1. Complete the key terms & vocabulary for 9.4:
*Socrates- _______________________________________________________
*Plato- __________________________________________________________
*Aristotle- ________________________________________________________
*Reason- ________________________________________________________
*Euclid- __________________________________________________________
*Hippocrates- _____________________________________________________
2. The ancient Greeks had achievements in the arts, philosophy and science.
Complete the chart below by naming 3 achievements under each.
THE ARTS
PHILOSOPHY-p.283
SCIENCE
Architecture (Parthenon – Around 500 BC, a few
Greek scientists were
in Athens- see p.278)
people started looking for inspired by Aristotle.
explanations instead of
worshipping gods &
goddesses.
Statues (very talented
Philosophers believe in
Mathematics – included
sculptors) & Paintings
the power of the human
areas of geography,
(black & red-main colors) mind to think, explain &
astronomy & geometry.
understand life.
(see p. 282)
Writing (created
They wanted to learn
Med & engineering–
drama/plays & history)
how the human mind
studied human body, how
works & how people
to cure diseases,
make decisions about
inventions (toys, puppets,
behavior.
water screws)
3. Complete the chart below by telling why each philosopher or scientist was
important.
IMPORTANT PERSON: DESCRIPTION OF ACHIEVEMENT/CONTRIBUTION:
SOCRATES
Believed that people must never stop looking for
(Philosopher)
knowledge (Socratic Method). He taught by asking
questions. He wanted people to think & question their
own beliefs. He was arrested & condemned to death for
questioning the authority of the gods.
PLATO
Student of Socrates, created a school (The Academy) for
(Philosopher)
students, philosophers & scientists to discuss ideas. He
proposed a model for a perfect society. He wrote The
Republic.
ARISTOTLE
Possibly the greatest Greek thinker/philosopher; Plato’s
(Philosopher)
student. People should live in moderation- find a balance.
Moderation is based on reason. People should think about
how their actions will affect others. He made advances in
logic (process of making inferences).
EUCLID
One of the world’s greatest mathematicians. From
(Scientist)
Alexandria, Egypt. Most influential in geometry.
HIPPOCRATES
The greatest Greek doctor. He wanted to figure out what
(Scientist)
caused diseases so he could better treat them. He is best
known for his ideas on how doctors should behave
(Hippocratic Oath).
4. Do “Analyzing Primary Sources” Q. on p. 280.
1) “Be quiet then, and have patience.”
5. Define the word reason-______clear & ordered thinking._