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A.P. World History
Outline Chapter 4
Greece and Iran, 1000-30 B.C.E.
I. Introduction
A. All people view their own customs as natural and culturally superior
1.
2.
3.
B. The Persian Empire brought diverse peoples together
1.
2.
3.
C. Beginnings of east-west conflict
1.
2.
3.
II. Ancient Iran, 1000-500 B.C.E.
A. Geography and Resources
1. Harsh conditions—limited water resources
a)
b)
c)
2. Developed irrigation in first millennium B.C.E.
a)
b)
c)
3. Mineral resources exploited minimally
a)
b)
c)
B. The Rise of the Persian Empire
1. Migration and conquest
a)
b)
c)
2. Shift in power from Medes to Persians
a)
b)
c)
3. Social classes
a)
b)
c)
4. The rule of Cyrus
a)
b)
c)
5.Cambyses and Darius
a)
b)
c)
C. Imperial Organization and Ideology
1. Empire divided into twenty provinces, each led by a satrap
a)
b)
c)
d)
2. Royal family
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
3. Administration of Empire
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
4. Persepolis
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5. Connection between Zoroastrianism and Persian rule
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
III.
The Rise of the Greeks
A. Geography and Resources
1. The Mediterranean
a)
b)
c)
2. The Aegean Sea, islands, and rivers
a)
b)
c)
3. Factors that drew the Greeks to the sea
a)
b)
c)
d)
B. The Emergence of the Polis
1. The “Dark Ages” and the Phoenicians
a)
b)
c)
d)
2. The alphabet
a)
b)
c)
3. Agriculture, urban centers, and warfare
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
4. Colonies and Greek culture
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5. From tyrants to oligarchy or democracy
a)
b)
c)
d)
6. Religion
a)
b)
c)
C. New Intellectual Currents
1. Growing interest in the individual
a)
b)
c)
2. Challenges to traditional religion
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3. Historia
a)
b)
c)
D. Athens and Sparta
1. Sparta
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2. Athens
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3. Democracy
a)
b)
c)
IV.
The Struggle of Persia and Greece, 546-323 B.C.E.
A. Early Encounters
1. The Ionian Revolt
a)
b)
c)
2. The Persian Wars
a)
b)
c)
3. The Hellenic League
a)
b)
c)
4. Greeks attacked Persia and the formation of the Delian Legue
a)
b)
c)
B. The Height of Athenian Power
1. Path to power
a)
b)
c)
2. Navy
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3. Political power and commercial interests
a)
b)
c)
4. Sophists and Socrates (470-399)
a)
b)
c)
d)
5. Plato (428-347)
a)
b)
c)
6. Aristotle (384-322)
a)
b)
c)
C. Inequality in Classical Greece
1. Who benefited from democracy?
a)
b)
c)
2. Slavery
a)
b)
c)
3. Women and marriage
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
D. Failure of the City-State and Triumph of the Macedonians
1. The Peloponnesian War
a)
b)
c)
d)
2. Triumph of Macedonia
a)
b)
c)
3. Alexander’s methods of rule
a)
b)
c)
V. The Hellenistic Synthesis, 323-30 B.C.E.
A. Changes after the death Alexander
1.
a)
b)
c)
2. Seleucid Rule
a)
b)
c)
3. Ptolemic rule
a)
b)
c)
d)
4. Antigonid dynasty
a)
b)
c)
VI.
Conclusion
A. Profound changes—Persians and Greeks play pivotal roles
1.
2.
3.
B. Persian supremacy
1.
2.
3.
C. Alexander and Hellenism
1.
2.
3.
Look at the vocabulary at the end of the chapter. If there is any word that you struggle to remember, write the
definition out.