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500 B.C. Greek and Persian Empires Greece Persia The Royal Road The Persian territory was very large, and needed to be linked by road systems. The Royal Road was the largest (1500 miles). The Road connected Persia to Anatolia and had stations along the way for travelers to obtain food, water, and fresh horses. Major Cities Sardis Nineveh Susa Major Bodies of Water Caspian Sea Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Persian Gulf Arabian Sea Kings Cyrus 1st King Created an army that grew into the Persian Empire Under Cyrus’ rule, the empire stretched to be about the size of the continental United States. Cyrus held his kingdom together by ruling fairly. Allowed his peoples to keep their own languages, religions, and laws. King Cyrus the Great Kings Darius (522-486 B.C.) Reorganized the government to make it more efficient. Divided empire into provinces called satrapies. Each satrapy was ruled by a governor called satrap. Which means defender of the kingdom. Collected taxes, judged legal cases, managed police, recruited for army. King Darius I Religion The Persians first worshiped many gods (polytheistic). Then a religious teacher, named Zoroaster, preached a new monotheistic (having one god) religion. This religion was called Zoroastrianism. Believed that there was one supreme god: Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord). Believed there was good and evil in the world and people were free to pick between the two. Symbol of Zoroastrianism Compare and Contrast! Take out a sheet of paper. Draw a Venn Diagram. Label 1 section “Persia,” the middle “Both,” and the other section “Greece.” Work with a partner to fill in all three sections with at least 3 similarities/differences. Persian Wars At the beginning of the 400s B.C., the Persians wanted to expand. Quickly clashed with the Greeks in the Mediterranean. The two societies were very different. Persians already controlled Greek cities in Anatolia. Athenians sent warships to help rebels that were rising up, but Persians stopped the uprising. Marathon 490 B.C. Darius sent a fleet of 600 ships and an army to invade Greece. Landed in Marathon. Persians outnumbered Greeks, so Greeks never came to fight. Persians were leaving to attack Athens, then Greeks attacked as the Persians were leaving and caught Persians by surprise and won. Persian Fleet Land and Sea 480 B.C. Persian King Xerxes attacked Greece at Thermopylae. Persians won on land, but lost at sea. Athenian fleet ships lured Persian fleet into strait of Salamis near Athens. Greeks won because their ships were fast and easy to maneuver. Greek city-states combined forces to make a larger army, trained, and defeated Persia. Primary Source First you read. Second you annotate. Third you answer the questions with a partner. Make sure you agree before writing anything down for an answer. Decline After losses in Greece, Persia faced many challenges. Couldn’t defend entire empire. Unhappy with government. High taxes. Disagreement on who should rule. By 300s B.C. Persia couldn’t defend against any attacks. Persia ended and a new Greek Empire emerged and extended beyond Persia’s boundaries.