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Chapter 4 Study Guide/The Ancient Greeks vocabulary agora- open area used for a meeting place and a market satraps- ‘defenders of the kindgdom’ satrapies- 20 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire tyrant- rules with total authority hoplites-ordinary citizens in the army oligarchy- form of government peninsula-a body of land with ocean on 3 sides polis-like tiny, independent country strait- a narrow body of water with land on both sides ephors- enforced laws and collected taxes in Sparta philosophers- thinkers who ponder questions about life upper class women- could not leave home without a male relative people Pericles- made Athens more democratic Cyrus the Great- King of Persia Solon- 594 BC Athenian ruler who freed the slaves & canceled all the farmer’s debts Aspasia- a well-educated woman who was allowed to move more freely in public life. She taught public speaking Xerxes-King of Persia, son of Darius Dorians- brought iron weapons to the Greeks Spartans-focused on military service places Parthenon-Pericles constructed this building; required 20,000 tons of marble. It took 15 yrs to build Athens-focused on government and education Persia- the area known today as southwestern Iran
