Download PC 11 - exam 3 (2:00-3:15) Students can and will be tested on the

PC 11 - exam 3 (2:00-3:15)
Students can and will be tested on the reading material. The following questions will help
students to prepare for the exam, but students can be tested on anything from the reading or class
notes. Good luck.
1. Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called:
A) ACh agonists.
B) dendrites.
C) morphene antagonists.
D) endorphins.
2. An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages
________ the cell body.
A) away from; toward
B) away from; away from
C) toward; away from
D) toward; toward
3. Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels
of norepinephrine.
A) low; low
B) high; high
C) low; high
D) high; low
4. A drug that blocks the reuptake of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n):
A) opiate.
B) antagonist.
C) glutamate.
D) agonist.
5. The peripheral nervous system consists of:
A) association areas.
B) the spinal cord.
C) the reticular formation.
D) sensory and motor neurons.
Page 1
6. The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed
neural transmission. This tissue is:
A) dopamine.
B) the myelin sheath.
C) acetylcholine.
D) an endorphin.
7. Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the:
A) voluntary nervous system.
B) autonomic nervous system.
C) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
D) somatic nervous system.
8. The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributable to the fact that:
A) under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins.
B) under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of all neurotransmitters.
C) during heroin withdrawal the brain's production of all neurotransmitters is greatly
increased.
D) heroin destroys endorphin receptors in the brain.
9. Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex?
A) sensory neuron  interneuron  sensory neurons
B) interneuron  motor neuron  sensory neuron
C) sensory neuron  interneuron  motor neuron
D) interneuron  sensory neuron  motor neuron
10. Dr. Hernandez is studying neurotransmitter abnormalities in depressed patients. She
would most likely describe herself as a:
A) personality psychologist.
B) phrenologist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) biological psychologist.
11. Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the:
A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) somatic nervous system.
C) parasympathetic nervous system.
D) autonomic nervous system.
Page 2
12. Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a neural impulse?
A) axon  dendrite  cell body  synapse
B) dendrite  axon  cell body  synapse
C) synapse  axon  dendrite  cell body
D) dendrite  cell body  axon  synapse
13. Parkinson's disease involves:
A) the death of nerve cells that produce a vital neurotransmitter.
B) overactivation of the endorphins.
C) impaired function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
D) excess production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine.
14. The effect of a drug that is an agonist is to:
A) cause the brain to stop producing certain neurotransmitters.
B) mimic a particular neurotransmitter.
C) block a particular neurotransmitter.
D) disrupt a neuron's all-or-none firing pattern.
15. Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history?
A) frontal lobes
B) limbic system
C) brainstem
D) corpus callosum
16. After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and
coordinated manner. It is most probable that she has suffered damage to her:
A) amygdala.
B) angular gyrus.
C) cerebellum.
D) corpus callosum.
17. The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the:
A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) hippocampus.
D) hypothalamus.
18. Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and
formulating moral judgments?
A) occipital lobes
B) frontal lobes
C) temporal lobes
D) parietal lobes
Page 3
19. The successful functioning of children who have experienced the surgical removal of an
entire cerebral hemisphere best illustrates the value of:
A) aphasia.
B) reward centers.
C) plasticity.
D) association areas.
20. Though there is no single “control center” for emotions, their regulation is primarily
attributed to the brain region known as the:
A) limbic system.
B) reticular formation.
C) brainstem.
D) cerebellum.
21. Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere?
A) language
B) learned voluntary movements
C) arithmetic reasoning
D) perceptual tasks
22. Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake. Most likely,
the damage occurred to the:
A) thalamus.
B) corpus callosum.
C) reticular formation.
D) cerebellum.
23. The visual cortex is located in the:
A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe.
C) frontal lobe.
D) parietal lobe.
24. The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral
hemispheres and that have been severed in split-brain patients form a structure called
the:
A) reticular formation.
B) association areas.
C) corpus callosum.
D) parietal lobes.
Page 4
25. At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These have been
replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure
those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial
consequences of:
A) psychoanalytic theory.
B) the DSM-IV.
C) the medical model.
D) linkage analysis.
26. People around the world may experience the same genetically based disorder quite
differently depending on their own personal expectations and the definitions of
abnormality common to their unique culture. This best illustrates the need for:
A) association studies.
B) the medical model.
C) linkage analysis.
D) a biopsychosocial approach.
27. A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the:
A) DID.
B) medical model.
C) DSM-IV.
D) biopsychosocial approach.
28. The DSM-IV does not:
A) include a classification of personality disorders.
B) explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.
C) include a very broad range of psychological disorders.
D) provide systematic guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders.
29. The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of
their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of:
A) linkage analysis.
B) diagnostic labels.
C) the medical model.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.
30. Psychiatrists and psychologists would be likely to identify agoraphobia as a
psychological disorder because it is:
A) personally dysfunctional.
B) socially unacceptable.
C) ethically unjustifiable.
D) unconsciously motivated.
Page 5
31. Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to
complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground
games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:
A) DID.
B) OCD.
C) PTSD.
D) ADHD.
32. After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a
psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as “a passive type”
and “frightened of his own impulses.” This study best illustrated the:
A) dangers of dissociative identity disorder.
B) unreliability of the DSM-IV.
C) biasing power of diagnostic labels.
D) shortcomings of the social-cognitive perspective.
33. Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors:
A) are usually genetically triggered.
B) are organic diseases.
C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture.
D) are the product of learning.
34. The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV:
A) is unknown.
B) depends on the age of the patient.
C) is very low.
D) is relatively high.
35. The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity,
whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence
for the ________ model of psychological disorders.
A) medical
B) biopsychosocial
C) social-cultural
D) psychoanalytic
36. Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is
not true?
A) Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders.
B) Labels promote research studies of psychological disorders.
C) Labels may create preconceptions that bias people's perceptions.
D) Labels may influence behavior by creating self-fulfilling prophecies.
Page 6
37. Behavior is classified as disordered when it is:
A) deviant.
B) distressful.
C) dysfunctional.
D) all of the above.
38. (Thinking Critically) Thirteen-year-old Ronald constantly fidgets in his seat at school,
frequently blurts out answers without being called, and is extremely distractible. A
psychiatrist might diagnose Ronald with:
A) bipolar disorder.
B) panic disorder.
C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
39. Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension,
sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n):
A) phobia.
B) dysthymic disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
40. The avoidance of situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes is
most characteristic of:
A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) dysthymic disorder.
C) a manic episode.
D) agoraphobia.
41. Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr.
Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render
him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of:
A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) post-traumatic stress disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
42. Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests
that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The
therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.
A) psychoanalytic
B) biological
C) learning
D) humanistic
Page 7
43. We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This
is best explained from a ________ perspective.
A) learning
B) biological
C) psychoanalytic
D) humanistic
44. Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of:
A) bipolar disorder.
B) panic disorder.
C) dysthymic disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
45. Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high
bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily
lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n):
A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) mood disorder.
C) phobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
46. Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts
that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience
is most symptomatic of:
A) a panic disorder.
B) an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) a generalized anxiety disorder.
D) a histrionic personality disorder.
47. A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this
behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion
most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.
A) biological
B) humanistic
C) psychoanalytic
D) learning
48. Phobias and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are classified as:
A) anxiety disorders.
B) mood disorders.
C) dissociative disorders.
D) personality disorders.
Page 8
49. The psychoanalytic perspective would most likely view phobias as:
A) conditioned fears.
B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses.
C) biological predispositions.
D) manifestations of self-defeating thoughts.
50. After falling from a ladder, Joseph is afraid of airplanes, although he has never flown.
This demonstrates that some fears arise from:
A) observational learning.
B) reinforcement.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) stimulus discrimination.
51. Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been subjected to the
evolutionary process?
A) Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to our species'
survival.
B) Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared.
C) It is easier to condition some fears than others.
D) All of the above provide evidence.
52. A sudden loss of memory is one of the symptoms of a(n):
A) bipolar disorder.
B) dissociative disorder.
C) panic disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
53. Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the
suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of
________ in the onset of this disorder.
A) learned helplessness
B) repression
C) childhood sexual trauma
D) role-playing
54. One cluster of personality disorders marked by dramatic or impulsive behaviors is
exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.
A) avoidant
B) schizoid
C) paranoid
D) borderline
Page 9
55. Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly.
His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is
indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior
best illustrates:
A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) an antisocial personality disorder.
56. The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of:
A) mood.
B) appetite.
C) memory.
D) perception.
57. Within the last year, Mr. Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because
they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies.
Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have
dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Shangkun's behavior is
most indicative of:
A) a personality disorder.
B) post-traumatic stress disorder.
C) a dissociative disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
58. As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not living up to her
expectations. This criticism was always followed by a beating with a whip. As an adult,
Monica is generally introverted and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more
like a young child, throwing tantrums if she doesn't get her way. At other times, she is a
flirting, happy-go-lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is suffering from:
A) a phobia.
B) dissociative schizophrenia.
C) dissociative identity disorder.
D) bipolar disorder.
59. Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and
wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from:
A) a dissociative disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) a mood disorder.
D) agoraphobia.
Page 10
60. In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild
overexcitement?
A) dissociative identity disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) schizophrenia
61. An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated
with:
A) a manic episode.
B) schizophrenia.
C) dysthymic disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.
62. A dysthymic disorder is most likely to be characterized by:
A) a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.
B) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
C) a persistent irrational fear of other people.
D) a persistently sad mood and low energy level.
63. Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he
has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With
unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice
on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative
of:
A) an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) a dysthymic disorder.
C) mania.
D) a panic attack.
64. Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly due to the fact that
when stressful experiences occur:
A) women tend to act, while men tend to think.
B) women tend to think, while men tend to act.
C) women tend to distract themselves by drinking, while men tend to delve into their
work.
D) women tend to delve into their work, while men tend to distract themselves by
drinking.
65. Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders?
A) depression
B) schizophrenia
C) bipolar disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder
Page 11
66. Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are
trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:
A) compulsions.
B) catatonia.
C) delusions.
D) hallucinations.
67. Catatonia is characterized by:
A) periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.
B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
C) hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion.
D) delusions of persecution.
68. Those with ________ symptoms of schizophrenia more often have a(n) ________
condition that responds to drug therapy.
A) positive; chronic
B) negative; reactive
C) positive; reactive
D) negative; acute
69. Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce:
A) hallucinations.
B) depression.
C) agoraphobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
70. The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their
subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.
A) glutamate receptors
B) viral infections
C) oxygen deprivation
D) learned helplessness
71. Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are
watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most
likely suffering from:
A) agoraphobia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) a dissociative identity disorder.
Page 12
72. Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A) hallucinations
B) delusions
C) social withdrawal
D) inappropriate rage
73. The effect of drugs that block receptors for dopamine is to:
A) alleviate schizophrenia symptoms.
B) alleviate depression.
C) increase schizophrenia symptoms.
D) increase depression.
Page 13