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Transcript
LIST OF STRUCTURES TO KNOW FOR MCB 247 PRACTICAL #3 (Immune/Urinary/Reproductive) SPRING 2012 The following is the list of structures to know for the third practical which covers the immune system, urinary system and the reproductive system. You must know all of the following terms in pictures. You are also responsible for all of the physiology about these terms in the PowerPoint presentations. This list is subject to change (you will be notified of these changes in lecture). P: Identify via pictures P, M: Identify via pictures and models Version updated 4/17/12 & 5/7/12 Lymph System/Immune Glands/Organs Tonsils (P, M) ______________________________ Thymus (P, M) ______________________________ Spleen (P, M) ______________________________ Appendix (P, M) ______________________________ Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Intestinal Tract (MALT) (P) Lymph Nodes Cervical (P) ______________________________ Axillary (P) ______________________________ Lumbar (P) ______________________________ Pelvic (P) ______________________________ Inguinal (P) ______________________________ Ducts/Lymphatics Right Lymphatic Duct (P) ______________________________ Thoracic Duct (P) ______________________________ Cisterna Chyli (P) ______________________________ Lymphatics of Upper Limb (P) __________________________ Lymphatics of Mammary Gland (P) ______________________ Lymphatics of Lower Limb (P) __________________________ Lymphatic Vessels and Valves (Must be able to identify and know the function of the following) Artery (removed from list) _________________________ Vein (removed from list) _________________________ Lymphatic Vessel (Lymph Vessel) (removed from list) _______ Lymphatic Valve (removed from list) ____________________ T Cells (not pictured; just know their function) _____________ Cytotoxic T Cells (TC) __________________________ Helper T Cells (TH) _________________________ Suppressor T Cells _________________________ Regulatory T Cells _________________________ Memory T Cells _________________________ MHC Protein (Class I) _________________________ MHC Protein (Class II) _________________________ B Cells (not pictured; just know their function) _____________ Natural Killer Cells (P) ______________________________ Lymphoid Stem Cells (not pictured; just know their function) _ Hemocytoblasts (removed from list) ____________________ Thymic hormones (not pictured; just know their function) ___ Phagocytes (P—the examples below are pictured) _________ Free and Fixed Macrophages (P) ___________________ Neutrophils (P) ______________________________ Eosinophils (P) ______________________________ Monocytes (P) ______________________________ Mast Cells (P) ______________________________ Types of Antibodies (Must be able to identify and know function according to the table in the PowerPoint) IgG (table) ______________________________ IgA (table) ______________________________ IgE (table) ______________________________ IgD( table) ______________________________ IgM (table) ______________________________ Hormones of the Immune System (Know the function of each) Interleukins ______________________________ Interferons ______________________________ Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs) _________________________ Tonsils (Look at Half-Head Model) Pharyngeal Tonsils (Adenoids) (P, M) ____________________ Palatine (P, M) ______________________________ Lingual (P, M) ______________________________ Thymus (P, M) ______________________________ Right Lobe (P, M) ______________________________ Left Lobe (P, M) ______________________________ Septa (Fibrous Partitions, line) (P, M) ____________________ Lobules (little circles) (P, M) ____________________________ Spleen (22-10) (P, M) ______________________________ Gastrosplenic Ligament (removed from list) __________________ Hilum (P) ______________________________ Splenic Artery (P) ______________________________ Splenic Vein (P) ______________________________ Gastric Area (P) ______________________________ Renal Area (P) ______________________________ Cortex (P) ______________________________ Medulla (P) ______________________________ Nonspecific Defenses: Know function and be able to explain basic process Physical Barriers (list) ______________________________ Phagocytes (P) ______________________________ Immunological Surveillance ____________________________ Interferons ______________________________ Complement ______________________________ Inflammatory Response (IR) ____________________________ Fever ______________________________ Specific Defenses: Understand definition and be able to list examples Innate ______________________________ Acquired ______________________________ Active ______________________________ Passive ______________________________ Immune Diseases (Know the cause, symptoms, and treatment in general detail) Autoimmune Disorders ______________________________ Type 1 Diabetes ______________________________ Rheumatoid Arthritis_____________________________ Thyroiditis ______________________________ Multiple Sclerosis ______________________________ Psoriasis ______________________________ Lupus ______________________________ Immunodeficiency Diseases ____________________________ Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease _________ HIV ______________________________ Allergies _______________________________ Renal/ Urinary Components of the Urinary System Kidney (P, M) ______________________________ Ureter (P, M) ______________________________ Urinary Bladder (P, M) ______________________________ Urethra (P, M) ______________________________ Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System Renal Artery (P, M) ______________________________ Renal Vein (P, M) ______________________________ Suprarenal Gland (Adrenal Gland) (P, M) __________________ Inferior Vena Cava (P, M) ______________________________ Abdominal Aorta (P) Parts of the Kidney ______________________________ ______________________________ Renal Cortex (P, M) ______________________________ Renal Medulla (P, M) ______________________________ Renal Pyramid (P, M) ______________________________ Renal Pelvis (P, M) ______________________________ Renal Sinus (P, M) ______________________________ Hilum (P, M) ______________________________ Renal Papilla (P, M) ______________________________ Renal Columns (P, M) ______________________________ Fibrous Capsule (P, M) ______________________________ Minor Calyces (P, M) ______________________________ Major Calyces (P, M) _____________________________ (Note on terminology--singular: calyx; plural: calyces) Blood Supply to the Kidneys (know the flowchart of renal circulation) Cortical Radiate Artery (P) _____________________________ Cortical Radiate Vein (P) ______________________________ Arcuate Artery (P) ______________________________ Arcuate Vein (P) ______________________________ Afferent Arteriole (P) ______________________________ Cortical Nephron (P) ______________________________ Juxtamedullary Nephron (P) ____________________________ Interlobar Artery (P) ______________________________ Interlobar Vein (P) ______________________________ Parts of the Nephron Renal Corpuscle (P) ______________________________ ______________________________ Bowman’s Capsule (Glomerular Capsule) (P) _________ Glomerulus (P) ______________________________ Capsular Space (P) ______________________________ Afferent Arteriole (P) ___________________________ Efferent Arteriole (P) ____________________________ Proximal Convoluted Tubule (P) ______________________________ Descending Limb (Loop of Henle) (P) ______________________________ Thin Descending Limb (Loop of Henle) (P) ___________________________ Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle) (P) ______________________________ Thick Ascending Limb (Loop of Henle) (P) ___________________________ Thin Ascending Limb (Loop of Henle) (P) ____________________________ Distal Convoluted Tubule (P) ______________________________ Collecting Duct (P) ______________________________ Papillary Duct (P) ______________________________ Minor Calyx (P) ______________________________ Peritubular Capillaries (P) ______________________________ Vasa Recta (P) ______________________________ Juxtaglomerular Complex (P) ______________________________ Macula Densa (P) ______________________________ Juxtaglomerular Cells (P) ______________________________ Renal Structures and their functions (basic function) Know all the ones listed in your textbook. Organs for the Conduction and Storage of Urine Male Left Ureter (P, M) ______________________________ Right Ureter (P, M) ______________________________ Urinary Bladder (P, M) ______________________________ Pubic Symphysis (P, M) ______________________________ Prostate (P, M) ______________________________ External Urethral Sphincter (P, M) ____________________________ Urogenital Diaphragm (P) ______________________________ Urethra (P, M) ______________________________ Spongy Urethra (P, M) ______________________________ External Urethral Orifice (P, M) ______________________________ Female Left Ureter (P, M) ______________________________ Right Ureter (P, M) ______________________________ Urinary Bladder (P, M) ______________________________ Pubic Symphysis (P, M) ______________________________ Internal Urethral Sphincter (P, M) ____________________________ Urethra (P, M) ______________________________ External Urethral Sphincter (P, M) ____________________________ Bladder Median Umbilical Ligament (P) ______________________________ Lateral Umbilical Ligament (P) ______________________________ Detrusor muscle (P, M) ______________________________ Rugae (P, M) ______________________________ Ureteral Openings (P, M) ______________________________ Center of Trigon (P, M) ______________________________ Neck of Urinary Bladder (P, M) ______________________________ Diseases of the Urinary System (Know the cause, symptoms, and common treatments in general detail) Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) ______________________________ Incontinence ______________________________ Dialysis ______________________________ Hematuria ______________________________ Ketoacidosis ______________________________ Glycosuria ______________________________ Proteinuria ______________________________ Polyuria ______________________________ Phenylketonuria ______________________________ Reproductive Male Repro Testis (P, M) (the deep portion would be tagged if tested) ________ (singular: testis; plural: testes) Epididymis (P, M) ______________________________ Ductus Deferens (P) ______________________________ Seminal Gland (P) ______________________________ Ejaculatory Duct (P, M) ______________________________ Prostate Gland (P, M) ______________________________ Bulbourethral Gland (P, M) ______________________________ Urethra (P, M) ______________________________ Prostatic Urethra (P, M) ______________________________ Spongy Urethra (P, M) ______________________________ Corpus Cavernosum (P, M) ______________________________ Corpus Spongiosum (P, M) ______________________________ Penis (P, M) ______________________________ External Urethral Orifice (P, M) ______________________________ Inguinal Canal (P) ______________________________ Testicular Artery (P) ______________________________ Testicular Vein (P) ______________________________ Inguinal Ligament (P) ______________________________ Scrotal Septum (P) ______________________________ Spermatacord (Spermatic Cord) (P) ___________________________ Genitofemoral Nerve (P) ______________________________ Dartos Muscle (P) ______________________________ Superficial Scrotal Fascia (P) ______________________________ Cremaster Muscle (P) ______________________________ Tunica Vaginalis (P) ______________________________ Tunica Albuginea (P) ______________________________ Scrotal Cavity (P) ______________________________ Septa (P) ______________________________ Lobule (P) ______________________________ Raphae (P) ______________________________ Rete Testis (P) ______________________________ Seminiferous Tubule (P) ______________________________ Ductus Deferens (P) ______________________________ Epididymus (P) ______________________________ Efferent Ductule (P) ______________________________ Sperm (P) ______________________________ Five Cells of Spermatogenesis (P) _______________________ Spermatagonia (Stem Cells) (P) ____________________ Primary Spermatocytes (P) ________________________ Secondary Spermatocytes (P) ______________________ Spermatids (P) ______________________________ Spermatazoa (P) ______________________________ Parts of Sperm (P) ______________________________ Fibrous Sheath of Flagellum (P) ____________________ Mitochondrial Spiral (P) __________________________ Centrioles (P) ______________________________ Nucleus (P) ______________________________ Acrosomal Cap (P) ______________________________ Female Ovarian Follicle (P) ______________________________ Ovary (P, M) ______________________________ Uterine Tube (Fallopian Tube) (P, M) __________________________ Uterus (P, M) ______________________________ Endometrium (P) ______________________________ Myometrium (P) ______________________________ Perimetrium (P) ______________________________ Periurethral Glands (P) ______________________________ Greater Vestibular Gland (P) ______________________________ Fornix (P, M) ______________________________ Cervix (P, M) ______________________________ Vagina (P, M) ______________________________ Clitoris (P, M) ______________________________ Prepuce of Clitoris (P) ______________________________ Glands of Clitoris (P) ______________________________ Labia Minora (Labia Minus) (P, M) ____________________________ Labia Majora (Labia Majus) (P, M) ____________________________ Ovarian Artery (P) ______________________________ Ovarian Vein (P) ______________________________ Infundibulopelvic Ligament (P) ______________________________ Mesovarium (P) ______________________________ Ovarian Ligament (P) ______________________________ Fimbriae (P) ______________________________ Infundibulum (P, M) ______________________________ Broad Ligament (P) ______________________________ Uterosacral Ligament (P) ______________________________ External Os (P) ______________________________ Vaginal Rugae (P) ______________________________ Vaginal Wall (P) ______________________________ Ovary (P, M) ______________________________ Germinal Epithelium (P) ______________________________ Tunica Albuginea (P) ______________________________ Cortex (P) ______________________________ Medulla (P) ______________________________ Ovarian Hilum (P) ______________________________ Corpus Luteum (P) ______________________________ Mature Follicle (P) ______________________________ Egg Nest (P) ______________________________ Mons Pubis (P) ______________________________ Urethral Opening (P, M) ______________________________ Vestibule (P) ______________________________ Hymen (P) ______________________________ Vaginal Entrance (P, M) ______________________________ Anus (P, M) ______________________________ Female Breast Pectoral Fat Pad (P) ______________________________ Suspensory Ligaments (P) ______________________________ Mammary Glands (P) ______________________________ Secretory Alveoli (P) ______________________________ Lactiferous Duct (P) ______________________________ Areola (P) ______________________________ Nipple (P) ______________________________ Lactiferous Sinus (P) ______________________________ Fertilization, pregnancy and partuition (Know all via photo and have a basic understanding of what stage it is at) Zona Pellucida (P) ______________________________ Corona Radiata (P) ______________________________ First Polar Body (P) ______________________________ Second Polar Body (P) ______________________________ Blastomeres (P) ______________________________ Male Pronucleus (P) ______________________________ Female Pronucleus (P) ______________________________ Early Morula (P) ______________________________ Advanced Morula (P) ______________________________ Inner Cell Mass (P) ______________________________ Blastocoele (P) ______________________________ Trophoblast (P) ______________________________ Blastocyst (P) ______________________________ Syncytial Trophoblast (P) ______________________________ Cellular Trophoblast (P) ______________________________ Developing Villi (P) ______________________________ Amniotic Cavity (P) ______________________________ Lacuna (P) ______________________________ Yolk Sac (P) ______________________________ Chorion (P) ______________________________ Amnion (P) ______________________________ Placenta (P) ______________________________ Decidua Capsularis (P) ______________________________ Decidua Basalis (P) ______________________________ Umbilical Cord (P) ______________________________ Chorionic Villi (P) ______________________________ Umbilical Arteries (P) ______________________________ Umbilical Vein (P) ______________________________ Maternal Blood Vessels (P) ______________________________ Physiology of Reproduction Menstrual Cycle (follicular phase, luteal phase, proliferative phase, secretory phase, menses) Ejaculation Oogenesis (six steps of the ovarian cycle) Spermatogenesis (five cells of spermatogenesis) Hyaluronidase Acrosin Cortical Reaction Amphimixis Labor (three stages) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)-Top 10 Pubic Lice ______________________________ AIDS ______________________________ Gonorrhea ______________________________ Syphilis ______________________________ Herpes ______________________________ Human Papillary Virus (HPV) (which causes Genital Warts) ___ Chancroid ______________________________ Hepatitis ______________________________ Chlamydia ______________________________ Trichomaniasis ______________________________ Diseases of Reproduction (Know general cause, symptoms and treatments if any) Amenorrhea ______________________________ Breast Cancer ______________________________ Cervical Cancer ______________________________ Impotence/Erectile Dysfunction _____________________________ Prostate Cancer ______________________________ Vaginitis ______________________________