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Physical Science
Exam Review
The following review sheets provide information regarding the “BIG” topics and vocabulary from each
section. Next to each unit of study there is a %. This number indicates the approximate percentage of
questions on the exam from that unit of study.
Chemistry
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Science (16% from chapters 1-3)
Science
Terms of measurement
Technology
Units of measurement
Scientific method
Conversions
Lab safety
Scientific notation
Model
Significant figures
Independent variable
Graphing and reading graph
Dependent variable
 Be able to convert from one unit to another in the metric system
 Be able to put numbers into and out of scientific notation
Chapter 2 – Matter
Chemistry
Matter
Element
Atom
Compound
Molecule
Chemical formula
 Be able to write a chemical formula
Chapter 3 – States of Matter
Kinetic Theory of Matter
States of matter – solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Evaporation
Pure substance
Mixture
Density
Physical properties
Physical changes
Chemical properties
Chemical changes
Sublimation
Condensation
Heat of Fusion
Chapter 4 – Atoms and the Periodic Table (24% from chapters 4-6)
Atom
Isotope
Molecule
Atomic mass unit
Parts of the atom – nucleus, proton, neutron, electron,
Average atomic mass
energy levels
Metal
Valence electron
Nonmetal
Period
Semiconductor
Group
Alkali metal
Ion
Alkaline-earth metal
Atomic number
Transition metal
Mass number
Noble gases
Electron Cloud Model / Bohr Model
 Be able to find the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in an atom
 Be able to look at a periodic table and gather information about different elements
 Know how to determine how reactive an element is based on its electrons
Chapter 5 – Structure of Matter
Chemical bond
Making a compound
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Polyatomic ions
Naming compounds
Writing formulas

Be able to write a chemical equation
Chapter 6 – chemical reactions
Reactant
Double replacement reaction
Product
Combustion reaction
Exothermic reaction
Balancing equations
Endothermic reaction
Coefficient
Reaction types
Enzyme
Synthesis reaction
Catalyst
Decomposition reaction
Law of conservation of mass
Single replacement reaction
Law of conservation of energy
 Know the indicators of a chemical change taking place
 Be able to tell the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction
 Know the purpose of enzymes
Chapter 9 – Nuclear Changes (3%)
Radioactivity
Nuclear radiation
Alpha particle
Beta particle
Gamma ray
Half-life
 What makes something radioactive?
 Know the difference between fusion and fission
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Background radiation
Radioactive tracer
Benefits and drawbacks of radiation
Physics
Chapter 10 – Motion (4%)
Motion
Balanced force
Displacement
Unbalanced force
Speed
Net force
Velocity
Friction – static and kinetic
Acceleration
 Know how to read graphs
 Know the difference between types of forces. Understand the role of friction in a system and the impact of
a frictionless system on an object.
Chapter 11 – Laws of Motion (11%)
Inertia
Momentum
Newton’s Laws
Law of conservation of momentum
 Be sure to know an application of Newton’s laws and momentum
Chapter 12 – Work and Energy (13%)
Work
Kinetic energy
Power
Law of conservation of energy
Potential energy
 Know the difference between potential and kinetic energy and how energy transfers through a system.
Chapter 14 – Waves (7% from chapters 14-15)
Wave
Medium
Electromagnetic wave
Transverse wave
Longitudinal wave
Characteristics of waves
Crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength, period,
Reflection, diffraction, refraction,
frequency, Doppler effect
interference, constructive and destructive
Wave interactions
interference
 Know about sound waves … some specific characteristics that are unique to sound waves
 Look over the electromagnetic spectrum and wavelength…which has the greatest and smallest
wavelengths? Which has the most/least energy?
 Look over reflection / refraction / diffraction charts
Chapter 15 – Sound and Light
Sound wave
Pitch
Infrasound
Ultrasound
Sonar
Photon
Intensity
Light ray
Virtual image
Real image
Lens
Magnification
Prism
Dispersion
Mirrors
Earth
Chapter 19.3 – Formation of the solar system (10% from chapters 19-20)
Nebula
Copernicus
Nebular model
Newton
Accretion
Kepler
 Be able to discuss the formation of the solar system, the formation of the moon theories, red shift of the
universe
Chapter 20 – The universe
Star
Light-year
Red giant
White dwarf
Supernova
Black hole
Chapter 16 – Electricity
Current
Voltage
Amps
Ammeter


Life cycle of a star
Temperature and color
H-R diagram
Main sequence starred shift
Blue shift
Big bang theory
Resistance
Ohms
Ohm’s Law
Be able to use equations in electricity
Be able to explain how current, voltage, and resistance are related