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Transcript
Chapter 4- Energy I. The Nature of Energy A. Energy is the ability to cause ___________. 1. Kinetic energy—Energy in the form of ____________. a. The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on its _________ and its ___________. b. The equation for Kinetic energy is: c. __________—The SI unit used to measure energy 2. Potential energy—Energy stored in a ______________ object, giving it the potential to cause change a. The equation for Potential energy is: 3. Elastic potential energy—Energy stored by things that ___________________. 4. Chemical potential energy—Energy stored in __________________ between atoms 5. Gravitational potential energy—Energy stored by things that are _________________________ . a. The amount of GPE an object has depends on its ___________ , the acceleration due to _______ , and its _____________________. b. GPE = mass in kilograms ✕ 9.8 m/s2 ✕ height in __________ II. Conservation of Energy A. Energy conversions—energy changing from one _________ to another 1. Fuels store energy in the form of _______________________ energy. 2. ______________ energy—the total amount of potential and kinetic energy in a system B. Law of Conservation of Energy—Energy may change from one form to another, but the ________________ of energy never changes. 1. Example—As a swing moves back and forth, its energy continually converts from ____________ to _____________ and back. 2. If the energy of the swing decreases, then the energy of some other object must ____________ by an equal amount. 3. Friction converts some of the mechanical energy into ___________ energy. C. Converting _________ into energy—You must think of mass as energy when discussing nuclear reactions. The total amount of mass and energy is conserved. 1. Nuclear _______________—Two nuclei are fused together. Takes place in the sun. 2. Nuclear fission—Two nuclei are ______________________. D. Conservation of energy in your body 1. _____________________ energy from food that is stored in your body is used to fuel the processes that keep you alive. 2. The food _____________ is used to measure how much energy you get from various foods. One Calorie is equivalent to about 4,180 J. Meeting Individual Needs Note-taking Worksheet (continued)
