Download Ancient Greek Chapter Questions

Chapter 4:
The Ancient Greeks
“Greek civilization began almost 4,000 years ago, but Greek ideas
about government, science, and the arts are still important today.”
World History I
Mrs. Bailey
Polis: The geographic
and political center of
Greek Life
Acropolis:
Fortified
Hilltop
Agora: the
market or
meeting
place
Explain the effect of geography on Greek civilization.
The mountains and seas kept the Greeks
isolated and early Greek communities
became fiercely independent.
Remember:
What changes occurred during Greece’s Dark Age?
Trade slowed, poverty took hold, farming
decreased, many people stopped teaching
others how to write or do craftwork, and
people settled in new areas, expanding the
reach of Greek culture.
Mycenaean civilization collapsed c.1200 BC and
there were lots of immediate needs, so fancy
pottery was not a priority (who could afford it
anyway?), so much Dark Age pottery appears to
have been made at home by hand instead of on
a potter’s wheel. Note this example is lopsided
and lacks decoration.
How did new colonies affect industry?
Colonies increased the demand
for goods and specialization,
which in turn led to the growth
of industry. Greek Trade - Interactive Map
Name three rights granted to Greek citizens
that American citizens have today.
• Voting
• Defending themselves in court
• Owning Property
• Holding Office
Section 2: Sparta and Athens
• Tyrant
– Someone who takes power by
force and rules with total authority
• Helot
– Captive workers in Sparta
Peisistratos
Athens first tyrant
• Oligarchy
– A few people hold
power
Council of Elders, Sparta
• Democracy
– All citizens share in
running the
government
Why were tyrants popular in the city-states?
Tyrants built new marketplaces, temples, and walls.
In WHN: Draw a diagram like the one below. In
each oval write a fact about the Spartan oligarchy.
The council
included 28
members
Few people hold
all the power
Oligarchy
Two kings headed
All members were
the council of elders
over 60 years old
Other possible Answers:
•All Spartan men over 30 belonged to the assembly
•The assembly voted on the council’s laws
•The assembly chose 5 people to be ephors
•Ephors enforced the laws and managed tax collection
Chapter 4, Section 2: Sparta and Athens Video Link
Sparta V. Athens
• Conquered and enslaved neighbors
• Set up colonies
• Controlling government
• Valued education for
boys
• Trained boys and men for war
• Girls were trained in sports
• Oligarchy
• Played key
roles in
defending
Greece
• Discouraged foreign visitors and
travel
• Frowned upon study
• Fell behind in trade
• Girls learned household
duties
• Reforms lead to
democratic ideas
• Allowed male citizens
to vote
• Included a council and
assembly
Section 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks
The Real danger for the Greeks…
PERSIANS!
Ruler
Accomplishments
Persian War
•Invaded Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Phoenicia, Egypt
•Treated subjects well/United Persians into powerful kingdom
•Built roads to connect Persian territories
• Started to build the empire (about the size of U.S.)
Cyrus
• Reorganized the government into satrapies
(provinces)
Darius
• Built huge army, but war failed against Greece
• Held the empire together
Xerxes
Persian Empire, 500 B.C.
• About how long was the Royal Road?
Approx 1700-1800 miles long
• Based on the map, why might the Persian Empire
have been a threat to Greece?
It had conquered land just to the north and
east of the Greek mainland.
By 520 BC the Persians expand
into Ionia
T
The Ionians revolt and Athens
decided to help… Oops! The
Persians still win but now they are
ANGRY at Athens.
Ionian Revolt
NOW I’m
ANGRY! I
will crush
the Greeks!
Darius I and his many battles to expand the
Persian Empire
Persia Attacks Greece Popplet
Battle at Marathon
The Greek Phalanx crushes Darius’s army… 6400
Persians die…only 196 Greeks!
The Battle of Marathon — History.com Video
Darius WILL return…
We MUST prepare!
Triremes
Darius’s Son Xerxes returns for
revenge in 480 BC
Thermopylae
Story of Thermopylae from
British Museum
WE LOST! I’m
coming
home on my
shield
Battle of Salamis…
Greeks WIN!
The Persian Wars, 490-479 B.C.
Herodotus,
The Father of History
author of History of the Persian Wars
Chapter 4, Section 3: Persia Attacks the Greeks Video Link
• What reasons besides revenge does
Xerxes have for invading Greece?
• Glory and winning a wealthy land
• List causes leading to the Persian
Wars.
• Persian expansion
• Greek rebellions
• revenge of Persian defeats
Section 4:Age of Pericles,
Athens Golden Age
“Athens…is the school of Greece.”
Pericles, as recorded by Thucydides
What do you think he meant?
• Polis: early Greek city-state made up of a city and the surrounding
countryside and run like an independent country
•
Polis was run by its citizens. Citizenship meant:
– you were a member of a political community
– you were a native born man
– you owned land
•
Citizens were allowed to:
–
–
–
–
•
gather in the agora to choose leaders and pass laws
vote
hold office
own property
Citizens had to serve in government and as soldiers. The citizens soldiers
formed a hoplite. Citizens made good soldiers because of their loyalty to
their home polis. Those loyalties also caused problems for the hoplites.
DEMOCRACY
•Define direct democracy:
A system of government in which people gather at
mass meetings to decide on government matters.
• Define representative democracy:
A system of government in which
citizens choose a smaller group to
make laws and governmental
decisions on their behalf.
• Explain how direct democracy and
representative democracy are
different:
In direct democracy, all citizens
vote on laws while in
representative democracy elected
officials vote on laws.
• In Athens, how was a law approved?
– By a majority vote in the assembly
• Compare and determine which government
granted the right to vote to more of its
population.
– American Democracy
“Our constitution is called a democracy because
power is in the hands not of a minority but of the
whole people. When it is a question of putting
one person before another in positions of public
responsibility, what counts is not membership of a
particular class, but the actual ability which the
man possesses. No one…is kept [out of
government] because of poverty. And, just as our
political life is free and open, so is our day-to-day
life in our relations with each other.”
Pericles’ Funeral Oration
When Pericles said, “everyone is equal
before the law,” what did he mean?
People are chosen for duty based
not on class but on ability.
In your opinion, is everyone equal before
the law in America today?
-Pericles as recorded by Thucydides
History of the Peloponnesian War
The Delian League…Made for
protection from the Persians
Pericles Media — History.com
I will use the League Money
Athens
Greece
And make Athens Beautiful!
Pericles
PELOPONNESIAN WAR
431-404 B.C.
Athens
Greece
Peloponnesian War Video Clip from
Discovery Education
Spartans — History.com Video
The Beauty
of Athens
The Beast
of Sparta
Spartan Boot Camp: Killing Machines — History.com Video
The Perioeci…
neither slaves
nor warriors in
Sparta
Helots were Spartan
Slaves
Strong baby or
else…
Married at 20… Lived in the
barracks until 30… on active duty
until 60!
More freedom
than Athenian
women
Physically fit
and tough to
raise strong
children
Still couldn’t
vote
Come home with
your shield or
on it!
Athens
The Rise of Democracy
750 B.C. created an oligarchy… rule
by a few and by 594 B.C. a ruler
named Solon created a constitution
Set limits on how much land
could be owned
Gave all male citizens the
right to vote
Assembly given the
right to pass laws
Erased debts and freed debt slaves
Offered citizenship to artisans and
ordered fathers to teach their sons a
trade.
Made farming profitable… grow
grapes and olives
Created a new legal system where
anyone can bring charges against
another regardless of status.
Continues to divide lands and
distribute to all
Removes land ownership as a
requirement for citizenship
Peisistratus 560 B.C.
Created the first democratic
form of government
Gave all people the freedom of
speech
Opened the assembly to
males over 20
Cleisthenes 508 B.C.
Elected 10 people to head the
army and navy
Created a council of 500
selected by lots … no terms
longer than two years
Citizens required to educate
their sons and gave 18 yr olds
citizenship
Cleisthenes 508 B.C.
• In what year was the
earliest battle of the war
fought and in whose
territory was it fought?
– 429 B.C. in Athens’s
territory
• Which major cities were
allied with Sparta? How
do you think having
those allies helped the
Spartans to win the war?
– Corinth and Thebes
– They helped Sparta
surround Athens and
provided soldiers to
fight in the war
•Peloponnesian War
What effects did the Peloponnesian
War have on Greece?
• The war weakened Greece and made it open to conquest.
• There were many casualties, thus reduced military ability.
• Farms were destroyed, which caused decreased food
production and increased cost of food.
• It was difficult for Greeks to trust each other and made future
unification nearly impossible.
The Peloponnesian War — History.com Video
Chapter 4, Section 4: Age of Pericles Video Link
Who was Aspasia?
• Aspasia was born in 490 BC in Miletus, an Ionian Greek settlement.
This meant that when she moved to Athens she was not bound by the
same laws that bound Athenian women and she was allowed to become
involved in politics. She became one of the most educated woman of
her time. Spending a large portion of her life at the center of Athenian
political life, she had great influence over Pericles. She fought to have
women treated as equal to men in a male-dominated culture.
Review and Supplement
• Chapter 4 Crossword Puzzle
• Study Central
• Persians and the Greeks - World History
Crash Course