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What is Biology? • BIOLOGY is the study of life. • Living things are called ORGANISMS. o Include animals, plants, fungi, protist, and bacteria. All living things share some basic properties. Cellular Organization Reproduction Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy) Homeostasis Heredity Responsiveness Growth and Development Adapt Through Evolution Smallest unit capable of all life functions Unicellular Organisms Entire organism is made up of one single cell Example:Bacteria and protists Multicellular Organisms The organism is made up of many cells Cells have special functions within the organism Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type Asexual Reproduction When a new organism is formed from one parent Sexual Reproduction When a new organism is formed form two parents Involves the combination of male and female genetic information Living organisms need energy (nutrition=food) to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce Autotrophic- organisms can make their own food Heterotrophicorganisms cannot make their own food SYNTHESIS The process of building up complex substances from simpler substances Building up cells and cellular components Photosynthesis Digestion The process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energy Metabolism The total of all chemical activities in an organism *Metabolic processes use chemical reactants and result in chemical products and wastes. An organism’s stable internal environment Examples: Body temperature Blood volume pH balance Water balance Video Transport *Process by which substances are absorbed and released *Materials are circulated within an organism Organisms react to stimuli: Light Temperature Odor Sound Gravity Heat Water Pressure An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light Genes carry hereditary information Genes are composed of DNA Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation Growth means to get bigger in size Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism Adaptation When an organism makes a change that will increase its chances of survival in its natural habitat Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time An Example of Adaptation Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss Video – adaptation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1MUl8XSZGA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4xFDjy3uT8