Download organisms - Lyndhurst Schools

What is Biology?
• BIOLOGY is the study of life.
• Living things are called ORGANISMS.
o Include animals, plants, fungi, protist,
and bacteria.
All living things share some basic properties.
Cellular Organization
Reproduction
Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)
Homeostasis
Heredity
Responsiveness
Growth and Development
Adapt Through Evolution
Smallest unit capable of all life functions
Unicellular Organisms
Entire organism is made up of one single cell
Example:Bacteria and protists
Multicellular Organisms
The organism is made up of many
cells
Cells have special functions
within the organism
Reproduction is the process of producing new
organisms of the same type
Asexual Reproduction
When a new organism is formed from one parent
Sexual Reproduction
When a new organism is formed form two parents
Involves the combination of male and female
genetic information
Living organisms need energy
(nutrition=food) to grow, develop,
repair damage, and reproduce
Autotrophic- organisms
can make their own food
Heterotrophicorganisms cannot
make their own
food
SYNTHESIS
The process of building up complex substances
from simpler substances
 Building up cells and cellular components
 Photosynthesis
Digestion
The process of breaking down complex
substances into simpler substances to release
energy
Metabolism
The total of all chemical activities in an
organism
*Metabolic processes use chemical reactants
and result in chemical products and wastes.
An organism’s stable internal environment
Examples:
Body temperature
Blood volume
pH balance
Water balance
Video
Transport
*Process by which substances are absorbed and
released
*Materials are circulated within an
organism
Organisms react to stimuli:
Light
Temperature
Odor
Sound
Gravity
Heat
Water
Pressure
An example is a plant’s
leaves and stems growing
toward light
Genes carry hereditary information
Genes are composed of DNA
Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents
Mutations change
DNA code and can be
passed from
generation to
generation
Growth means to get bigger in size
Development involves a change in the
physical form or physiological make-up of
an organism
Adaptation
When an organism makes a
change that will increase its
chances of survival in its
natural habitat
 Species obtain adaptations
through evolution over great
periods of time
An Example of Adaptation
Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and
stems to store water and reduce water loss
Video – adaptation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1MUl8XSZGA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4xFDjy3uT8