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CHEM 125 Test 4-A Dupre Fall 2003 Name: SSN: Multiple Choice (60 points total; 3 pts. each). Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions. Write the letter clearly in the blank next to the number. 1. a. b. c. d. Which of the following sugars would not five a positive result to a Tollens test Glucose Fructose Deoxyribose Ribose 2. a. b. c. d. Lactose is made up of which of the two following sugars Glucose and Galactose Fructose and Galactose Maltose and Glucose Sucrose and Fructose 3. Which of the following disaccharides is -maltose with an -glycosidic linkage a. b. CH 2 OH O OH HO CH 2 OH O HO O HO OH CH 2 OH O HO O OH HO OH d. CH 2 OH O OH 4. a. b. c. d. HO OH c. HO CH 2 OH O OH OH CH 2 OH OHO HO O OH CH 2 OH O OH HO CH 2 OH OHO HO O OH The most common carbohydrate source we consume is: sucrose starch glycogen cellulose OH 5. a. b. c. d. Soaps work by trapping fat and oil inside particles known as lipoproteins bilayers bubbles micelles 6. a. b. c. d. Bile salts are necessary to aid your body in the processing of : proteins carbohydrates fats starches 7. a. b. c. d. What type of bonding is formed between two amino acids in a polypeptide chain ester ketal acetal amide 8. Which of the following protein characteristics can be described as a secondary structural element? order of amino acids beta sheet 3D folding number of amino acids a. b. c. d. 9. Polypeptide chains that are responsible for the catalysis of biological reactions are referred to as: a. proteins b. cofactors c. enzymes d. substrates 10. a. b. c. d. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is a purine derivative? adenine uracil thymine cytosine 11. a. b. c. d. The structural components of a nucleotide are: nitrogenous base and phosphate ester phosphate ester and cyclic sugar nucleoside, cyclic sugar, and a nitrogenous base nitrogenous base, phosphate ester, and cyclic sugar 12. a. b. c. d. What kind of process is glucogenesis? anabolic catabolic oxidation hydrolysis 13. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all converted into ___________ before entering the Krebs cycle. acetate acetyl-CoA coenzyme A pyruvate a. b. c. d. 14. a. b. c. d. 15. a. b. c. d. 16. a. b. c. d. 17. a. b. c. d. During digestion, carbohydrates are converted into three simple sugars before absorption into the blood stream. Which of the following is not one of those simple sugars? mannose fructose glucose galactose Which of the following statements concerning metabolism of proteins is true: proteins are stored in the pancreas for later use proteins can be removed from the diet with almost no adverse effects proteins are broken down into amino acids, which circulate in the body’s amino acid pool for use in building tissue the smallest unit of a protein is a peptide, which is absorbed into the blood stream in the small intestine How many new carbon atoms are introduced into the Krebs cycle with the introduction of 1 acetyl-CoA molecule? 2 3 1 4 What is the name of the condition caused by the absence of carbohydrates in the diet, which leads to the production of an excess amount of acetyl-CoA. heart disease ketosis point mutation basosis 18. a. b. c. d. Excess carbohydrates are stored as ________________ in ________________. glycogen, the liver glucose, the bloodstream peptides, the pancreas glycogen, the adipose tissue 19. a. b. c. d. Which of the following choices will produce the most ATP when completely metabolized? 1 mole of glucose 1 mole of amino acid 1 mole of fatty acid 1 mole of triglyceride 20. a. b. c. d. The products of glycolysis proceeds through which order? six-membered cylclic sugar, pyruvate, acetate six-membered cyclic sugar, five-membered cyclic sugar, pyruvate six-membered cyclic sugar, acetyl-CoA, pyruvate five-membered cyclic sugar, six-membered cyclic sugar, ketone body Short answer (40 points total) Provide the correct answer to each of the following questions in the space provided or in the appropriate blank. For three bonus points, please write the straight-chain structure of any monosaccharide we discussed on back of the first page of this test. Partial credit will be awarded, so show all of your work! 1. The names of the three major products of the Krebs cycle are (3 pts each): 1) 2) 3) 2. From the above question, how many ATP molecules are produced from 1 molecule of each major product? (3pts each) 1) 2) 3) 3. The fatty acid below can be split up into acetyl-CoA by a process called β-oxidation. Draw lines through the C-C bonds where the acid will be split. Indicate how many acetylCoA molecules will be produced by 1 molecule of this fatty acid. (4 pts) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH (Lauric acid) 4. Step 8 of the Krebs cycle is the oxidation of malate. What do you predict the structure of the products will be? (4 pts) COOHO C H + NAD + CH2 COO- 5. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers concerning the Krebs cycle (1 pt. each) 6. How many oxidation/decarboxylation reactions occur in the Krebs cycle?_________ b. How many hydration reactions occur in the Krebs cycle?_____________ The following three amino acids will bond to create a peptide. Draw the appropriate peptide. Label the three amino acids as polar, non-polar, acidic, or basic. (5 pts) Valine Threonine H O H O C C C C H3C CH H3C a. H3 N + HO CH O- H3C H3 N + Lysine O- H3 N + H O CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C C H3N + O- 7. The following fragment of a DNA strand is used in RNA transcription to produce a peptide. Show both the mRNA chain produced from this DNA chain, and the peptide this codes for using the chart on the following page. (3 pts.) 5’ GACTTAACGCATCCT 3’ 8. Below is drawn the structures of four nitrogenous bases attached to a backbone chain. Choose two complimentary bases and show how hydrogen bonding holds them together (3 pts). H3C O C H C C N CH2 H THYMINE C N C N H CH2 O to Chain H C N C H H H O H C N N C C C N H N H N to Chain C C C N N N N to Chain H to Chain CYTOSINE C N CH CH C O H N ADENINE GUANINE