Download Unit 4 Test Review Sheet

UNIT 4 KEY TERMS & BIG IDEAS:
1.Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring, and the DNA inside your cells’
nuclei helps determine nearly everything your body is and does.
2. Mitosis is the process where 1 nucleus of a body cells divides to form 2 identical nuclei used
for repair and growth.
3. Meiosis is the process where 1 nucleus of a fertilized cell divides twice to form four sex cells
with half as many chromosomes so that when organisms sexually reproduce, the offspring won’t
have double the chromosomes.
4. Some plants and animals can reproduce asexually which produce genetically identical
organisms, while some plants and animals can reproduce sexually to make genetically different
organisms.
5. Organisms with helpful adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce which eventually
may become a separate species over time
Nucleus: the control center of plant AND animal cells that contain all genetic
information
Chromosomes: bundles of DNA
Chromosomes
Mitosis- cell division process that makes more exact copies of body
cells with the same amount of chromosomes
Asexual Reproduction: Only one organism needed to make more of its own kind
with same genetic information (ex- bacteria, hydra and yeast budding, sponges,
starfish, potatoes, trees)
Meiosis- cell division process that makes sex cells that have half as
many chromosomes
Mitosis
*Sexual Reproduction: when 2 sex cells come together to make a new
genetically different organism with half the genes from mom/dad
*Fertilization: joining of female eggs and male sperm sex cells
Meiosis
Mitosis
Inherited traits: characteristics that we get
from our genes and families, such as eye and
hair color
Genes: tiny segments of DNA that give
instructions for our inherited traits
DNA: long molecule in chromosomes that
store genetic material
Dominant trait- traits that are more likely to be expressed
Recessive trait-a trait less likely to be expressed
Punnett Square- chart that helps predict the traits of
offspring
B
B
b
BB
Bb
Bb
bb
b
BB/ Bb= brown eyes, bb= blue eyes
Adaptation: a trait or behavior that helps an organisms survive or reproduce
Sources of Variation - what makes species change or different
a) Mutations- random changes in genes or chromosomes
b)
c)
An extra chromosome causes Downs Syndrome
Sexual Reproduction- baby looks different than parents
Genetic Engineering- put genes from one organism into the
DNA of another
d) Natural Selection – stronger more likely survive and
pass on traits
Evolution- when organisms change over time
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution:
1. All life is connected if you go back enough
2. Natural Selection/ Survival of Fittest- organisms best
suited for their environment are more likely to survive and
reproduce
Clues of Evolution:
(a) Fossils- remains, imprints, or traces of
prehistoric organisms
(b) Similarities of embryos, DNA, and bones of
different organisms
SCROLL DOWN FOR PRACTICE STATE QUESTIONS!!!
Name: ________________________
Date: _________________________
CIS 339, Class _______
Science- Ms. Sowin
UNIT 4 TEST REVIEW SHEET
AIM 2 1. Which cell organelle contains the genetic information for plant and animal cells?
(1) chloroplast (2) nucleus (3) cell membrane
(4) cytoplasm
Answer:
2. What are the bundles of DNA called?
(1) chloroplasts
(2) chromosomes (3) cytoplasm
(4) cell wall
Answer:
AIM 3 3. Another word for cloning cells is called
(a) mitosis (b) meiosis (c) fertilization
(d) sexual reproduction
Answer:
4. A cell with 30 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes are in the new body
cells after mitosis is completely over?
(a) 30
(b) 60
© 120
(d) 15
Answer:
# of cell divisions
# of cells produced
Types of cells
produced
Functions in body
Mitosis in Humans
1
2
All body cells except
sperm and egg cells
Growth, repair,
maintenance
Meiosis in Humans
2
4
Sperm and egg cells
only
reproduction
AIM 4- 5. A cell with 50 chromosomes undergoes meiosis to produce an egg cell. How many
chromosomes are in the egg cell?
(a) 25
(b) 2
© 100
(d) 4
Answer:
6. What kind of cells are produced by meiosis?
(a) nerve cells
(b) skin cells
(c) sperm cells
(d) muscle cells
Answer:
AIM 5
7, How does the genetic material of a new asexual reproduction organism compare to that of
the parent organism?
(a) It is a little different
(b) It is exactly the same
© It is completely different
(d) It is haploid
Answer:
9. Which organism can have exactly the same genes as its parent?
(a) a starfish
(b)a shark
(c) a human
(d) a dog
Answer:
10. A large colony of bacteria has grown from a single individual that landed on a kitchen cutting
board. What do you know about all the individuals in the colony?
(a) They came from the refrigerator (b) They reproduced sexually
© They have the same genes
(d) They have different traits
Answer:
AIM 6- 11. Which organism reproduces both sexually and asexually?
(a) goldfish (b) black bear
Answer:
(c) strawberry plant
(d) rattlesnake
12. Which of the following occurs during sexual reproduction?
(a) Both parents split in half
(b) Only one parent splits in half
© An egg joins with a zygote (d) An egg cell joins with a sperm cell
Answer:
13. A baby receives genes from each of its parents. About how many of its genes come from its
mother?
(a) all of its genes
(b) half of its genes
(c) most of its genes
(d) none of its genes
Answer:
AIM 7 (REVIEW) AIM 8- Quiz, AIM 9: 14. Which of the following is NOT an inherited trait?
(a) blood type
(b) a broken leg
© hair color
(d) leaf shape
Answer:
15. Order from biggest to smallest: DNA, gene, cell, chromosomes, nucleus
(a) DNA, gene, cell, chromosomes, nucleus
(b) gene, DNA, chromosomes, nucleus, cell
(c) cell, nucleus, chromosomes, DNA, gene
(d) chromosomes, DNA, gene, nucleus, cell
AIM 10- 16. Imagine a person with Cystic Fibrosis (cc) reproduced with someone who did not
have the gene at all (CC) use a punnett square to show the likely traits of the offspring.
c
c
C
C
17) Considering Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive trait, what percentage of the offspring would
definitely have Cystic Fibrosis (cc)?
(a) 0
(b)
25%
(c)
75%
(d) 100%
Answer:
18) What percentage of the offspring would carry the gene for cystic fibrosis (Cc)?
a) 0
(b)
25%
(c)
75%
(d) 100%
Answer:
19. Imagine a mom has brown eyes but carries the gene for blue so she would be Bb reproduces
with a dad that has with blue eyes. Use a punnett square to show the likely traits of the
offspring.
B
b
b
b
20) What percentage of their offspring would have blue eyes (bb)?
(a) 25 %
Answer:
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 0%
21) What percentage of their offspring would have brown eyes (BB or Bb)?
(a) 25%
(b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 0%
Answer:
22. Construct a Punnett square to show the results of crossing two pea plants with the
combination Tt.
23. What percentage of the offspring would be tall plants (TT or Tt)?
(a) 25%
(b)
50%
(c) 75%
(d) 100%
Answer:
24. If the allele for brown eyes, B, is dominant, and the allele for blue eyes, b, is recessive,
which combination could produce a child with blue eyes?
(a) Bb
(b) BB
(c) bb
(d) bB
Answer:
AIM 11- 25. Some harmless species imitate or mimic a poisonous species as a means for
increased survival. What is this an example of?
(a) acquired characteristics
(b) adaptation
© variation
(d) geographic isolation
Answer:
26. Which of the following is not an adaptation?
(1) weak legs
(2) powerful muscles
(3) camouflage
(4) wings
Answer:
AIM 12- 27. A species is a group of organisms
(a) that lives together with similar characteristics
(b) that shares similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves to produce fertile
offspring
© across a wide area that cannot reproduce
(d) that chooses mates from among themselves
Answer:
28. Which is a mutation?
(a) a change in a gene which is harmful, beneficial, or has no effect at all
(b) a change in a gene which is only beneficial
© a change in a gene which is only harmful
(d) no change in a gene
Answer:
29. Which describes the transfer of genes into the DNA of another organism?
a) genetic engineering
b) selective breeding
c) natural selection
d) mutation
Answer:
Aim 13- 30. Look at the light and dark-colored moths shown below. According to the theory of
natural selection, what is most likely to happen to the moths in this environment?
a) The dark moth will be more likely to be eaten by a bird.
b) The dark moth will be more likely to survive and reproduce.
c) The light moth will be more likely to survive and reproduce.
d)The light moth will become darker in color.
Answer:
31. What, besides competition for food, contributed to the evolution of species of Darwin’s
finches?
(a) predation
(b) natural disaster
© DNA
(d) variation in beak shapes
Answer: