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Download Fusion Rome Legacy Version A - White Plains Public Schools
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Rome’s Legacy World History/Napp “The presence of Rome is still felt daily in the languages, the institutions, and the thought of the Western world. Latin, the language of the Romans, remained the language of learning in the West long after the fall of Rome. It was the official language of the Roman Catholic Church into the 20th century. Latin eventually developed into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian. These languages are called Romance languages because of their common Roman heritage. Latin also influenced other languages. For example, more than half the words in English have a basis in Latin. Visitors from all over the empire marveled at the architecture of Rome. The arch, the dome, and concrete were combined to build spectacular structures, such as the Colosseum. Arches also supported bridges and aqueducts. Aqueducts were designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns. When the water channel spanned a river or ravine, the aqueduct was lifted high up on arches. Because Roman architectural forms were so practical, they have remained popular. Thomas Jefferson began a Roman revival in the United States in the 18th century. Many large public buildings, such as the U.S. Capitol and numerous state capitols, include Roman features. Roman roads were also technological marvels. The army built a vast network of roads constructed of stone, concrete, and sand that connected Rome to all parts of the empire. Many lasted into the Middle Ages; some are still used. Rome’s most lasting and widespread contribution was its law. Early Roman law dealt mostly with strengthening the rights of Roman citizens. As the empire grew, however, the Romans came to believe that laws should be fair and apply equally to all people. Some of important principles of Roman law were that all persons had the right to equal treatment under the law and that a person was considered innocent until proven guilty. The principles of Roman law endured to form the basis of legal systems in many European countries and of places influenced by Europe, including the United States.” ~ World History 1- How has Latin, the language of the Roman Empire, influenced modern languages? 2- Identify the architectural accomplishments of the Romans. 3- How has Roman architecture influenced American architecture? 4- What was Rome’s most lasting and widespread contribution? 5- Identify two principles of Roman law. 6- What law codes have been influenced by Roman law? 7- How did the Roman law code differ from the Code of Hammurabi? 8- Why is the principle of innocence until proven guilty a cornerstone of modern justice? Learning and Literature - Romans borrowed much of their philosophy from the Greeks Art - Romans learned the art of sculpture from the Greeks - The poet Virgil spent ten years writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid, the epic of the legendary Aeneas - However, while the Greeks were known for the beauty and idealization of their sculpture, Roman sculptors created realistic portraits in stone - Virgil modeled the Aeneid, written in praise of Rome and Roman virtues, after the Greek epics of Homer - Much Roman art was practical in purpose, intended for public education - Yet the poet Ovid wrote light, witty poetry for enjoyment - Romans developed a type of sculpture called basrelief; in bas-relief, or low-relief, images project from a flat background - Tacitus, a Roman historian, is notable among ancient historians because he presented the facts accurately Philosophy - Romans borrowed much of their philosophy from the Greeks - Stoicism, the philosophy of the Greek teacher Zeno, was especially influential - Stoicism encouraged virtue, duty, moderation, and endurance - While often following Greek forms and models, Roman writers promoted their own themes and ideas - Roman artists also were particularly skilled in creating mosaics; mosaics were pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto a surface 1- Identify the civilization that greatly influenced Roman culture. 2- How was Virgil influenced by the Greeks? 3- Why was Tacitus notable among ancient historians? 4- How did Roman sculpture differ from Greek sculpture? 5- What is bas-relief? 6- What were Roman artists particularly skilled in creating? 7- Identify the virtues encouraged by Stoicism. 8- Why do you think Stoicism became influential among the Romans? - What features of the Colosseum do you find most beautiful – most useful – and worthiest of copying? Why? Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, and the poets Horace and Virgil? 1. Babylonian 2. Greek 3. Phoenician 4. Roman One contribution of ancient Roman culture was the development of 1. the concept of zero 2. the process of making silk 3. a republican form of government 4. the printing press The ideals developed in the Athens of Pericles and in Republican Rome influenced the development of 1. a parliament in Britain 2. military juntas in Latin America 3. a communist government in China 4. a theocracy in Iran A major contribution of the Roman Republic to Western European culture was the 1. concept of government by laws 2. belief that political power should be controlled by the military 3. establishment of agricultural communes 4. rejection of the concept of slavery Important long-term contributions of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations are primarily found in the area of 1. military technology 2. religious doctrine 3. economic policy and planning 4. government and law The ancient Romans’ most significant contribution to Europe has been in the area of 1. economics 3. drama 2. poetry 4. law Base your answer to the question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which statement is best supported by the information on this map? 1. The Roman Empire extended over three continents. 2. Rivers kept invaders out of the Roman Empire. 3. Alexandria served as the eastern capital of the Roman Empire. 4. Carthage was eventually destroyed by the Romans.