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Transcript
Pipe Cleaner Babies Objective: In this activity you will represent one parent, and your lab partner will take the role of the other parent. You will use chromosome and gene models to create four offspring and determine their genotypes and phenotypes. Then, mathematically, you will calculate the probability of have offspring with different traits. Activity Description: You and your partner will each receive a bag with pipe cleaners and beads. The pipe cleaners represent chromosomes, and the beads are genes located on the chromosomes. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. For this activity, we will use just three pairs. Observe the chromosomes in your bag. The pink and blue chromosomes represent sex chromosomes. If you have 2 pink chromosomes (XX), you represent the female. If you have one pink and one blue chromosome (XY), you represent the male. The other four chromosomes are called autosomes - they carry genetic information that does not necessarily relate to genetic gender. _______________________ 1. What do the pipe cleaners represent? _______________________ 2. What do the beads represent? _______________________ 3. Which parent is represented by the pink chromosomes? _______________________ 4. Which parent is represented by the pink and blue ones? _______________________ 5. What is a genotype? _______________________ 6. What is a phenotype? The Parents’ Traits: Remove the chromosomes from your bag, but make sure you do NOT mix up your chromosomes with those of your partner. Arrange the chromosomes in order of size; you should have two long, two short, and the pink/blue chromosomes. 1. Eye Color Trait (found on long pipe cleaners) • _____ bead (B) = ________ eyes = Dominant • _____ bead (b) = Blue eyes = Recessive Genotype Phenotype BB Brown eyes Bb Brown eyes bb Blue eyes __________________________ 7. What eye color does the “mom” have? __________________________ 8. What is her genotype regarding this trati? __________________________ 9. What eye color does the “dad” have? __________________________10. What is his genotype regarding this trait? 2. Hair Color Trait (found on next longest pipe cleaners) • _____ bead (D) = Dark hair = Dominant • _____ bead (d) = Blonde hair = Recessive Genotype Phenotype DD Dark hair Dd Dark hair dd Blonde hair __________________________ 11. What hair color does the “mom” have?__________________________ 12. What is her genotype regarding this trait?__________________________ 13. What hair color does the “dad” have?__________________________ 14. What is his genotype regarding this trait? 3. Ear Lobes Trait (found on shortest pipe cleaners) • ______ bead (G) = Free earlobes = Dominant • ______ bead (g) = Attached earlobes = recessive You should be able to fill this chart in by now Genotype Phenotype ___________________________ 15. What type of earlobes does the “mom” have? ___________________________ 16. What is her genotype regarding this trait? ___________________________ 17. What type of earlobes does the “dad” have? ___________________________ 18. What is his genotype regarding this trait? 4. Hemophilia Trait (found on pink pipe cleaners): Hemophilia is a recessive disorder that causes the blood to take a long time to clot after injury. The X chromosome carries the recessive gene that causes hemophilia. Since a male only has one X chromosome, then it is far easier for him to inherit this disorder than his sister. Girls rarely have this disorder since they would have to inherit two recessive hemophilia alleles. A female with one recessive gene is called a carrier. If she passes this gene along to her son, he will inherit the disorder. • ______ bead (H) = Normal clotting blood = Dominant • ______ bead (h) = Hemophilia = Recessive Genotype FEMALE XX HH Phenotype Normal clotting Genotype FEMALE XX Phenotype Hh Normal clotting (carrier) hh Hemophilia Genotype MALE XY Phenotype H Normal clotting h Hemophilia ___________________________ 19. What is the “mom’s” genotype? ___________________________ 20. Is she a carrier? ___________________________ 21. What is the “dad’s” genotype? ___________________________ 22. Why doesn’t he get TWO genes for this trait? ___________________________ Time to Start Your Family: • First the “dad” places one set of chromosomes (e.g. the set for eye color) behind “his” back (one chromosome in each hand). • The “mom” picks a hand (chromosome). • Then the “mom” places the same set of chromosomes (e.g. the set for eye color) behind “her” back (one chromosome in each hand) • The “dad” picks a hand (chromosome) • Repeat this process for the three other traits for this child • Repeat the whole process to create a total of four offspring. • Record your trait results in the data table below. Family Child #1 Sex Hemophilia M/F Yes / No Eye Color Hair Color Earlobes Family Sex Hemophilia Child #2 M/F Yes / No Child #3 M/F Yes / No Child #4 M/F Yes / No Eye Color Hair Color Earlobes