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Transcript
CHAPTER 8: CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND PHYSICAL CHANGES GROUP BLUE BLOCK 1 OBJECTIVES • Compare chemical reactions to physical changes • Compare parts of an atom • Calculate the mass of one mole of an element or compound • Explain how ionic and covalent bonds are formed • Identify the parts of chemical equations • Distinguish between reversible and irreversible reactions and changes VOCAB • Chemical reaction: the change of substances into other substances • Example: A candle’s wick catching fire • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5tOEBmBAHg • Physical change: an alteration of a substance that does not change its chemical composition • Example: Melting wax on a candle • Atomic number: the number of protons in an atom • Neutron: an uncharged atomic particle • Nucleus: the dense core of an atom • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FooZ9AwPSG8 • Protons: particle with a positive electrical charge CONT. • Electron: negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus • Mass number: total protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus • Atomic mass: the average mass of a sample of atoms of that element found in nature • Periodic table: chart that arranges elements by atomic number into rows and columns according to similarities in their properties MASS NUMBER CONT. • Mole: the unit of measure used to count molecules or atoms • Equation: 6.02 * 10^23 • Chemical bonds: the forces that hold atoms together • Ions: charged particles • Ionic bond: the bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms • Example: one metal and one nonmetal bonding • Ionic compounds: compounds that result when metals and non-metals bond ionically with each other • Covalent bond: atoms share electrons with each other • Example: two nonmetals bonding CONT. • Chemical equation: written description of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas • Reactants: the elements or compounds present at the start of a reaction • Products: the elements or compounds formed during the reaction • Covalent compounds: compounds formed by the sharing of electrons
