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Unit Study Guide Answers
States of Matter
1. List the characteristics of a solid.
Have a definite shape and a definite Volume. Particles vibrate but move slowly. Have a
fixed shape.
2. What is an amorphous solid?
Atoms not arranged in an orderly fashion. Example: Glass
3. What is a crystalline solid?
Atoms arranged in an orderly fashion. Example: Diamond
4. List the characteristics of a liquid.
Has a definite volume, not a definite shape. Takes the shape of its container. Atoms
spaced farther apart and move more rapidly.
5. List the characteristics of a gas.
No fixed volume or shape. Atoms spaced very far apart and move very quickly
Types of Matter
1. What are the building blocks of matter?
Atoms
2. How are compounds different than mixtures?
Compounds are chemically combined, mixtures are not
3. How are compounds different than molecules?
Compounds contain 2 or more different elements, molecules contain 2 or more
elements
4. What is the difference between elements and compounds?
Elements are the smallest units of matter, compounds are 2 or more different
elements
5. List (2) pure substances that are chemically combined.
Water, salt, carbon dioxide… etc…
6. Give 2 examples of mixtures
1. Pizza – It is Heterogeneous because it does not combine to be mixed thoroughly
2. Milk – It is Homogeneous because it is mixed “the same” throughout.
7. Give 2 examples of compounds
Water and carbon dioxide
8. Give 2 examples of Elements (Pick two of the 118 known elements from the periodic
table!)
Unit Study Guide Answers
Physical/ Chemical Properties
1. What is the main difference or outcome between Physical/Chemical Properties?
Physical property does not change its identity
Chemical property describes matter based on its ability to change
2. How do you know if a chemical change has taken place?
A precipitate is formed, change in color, creation of gas/heat/ or light, an odor
3. How do you know if a physical change has taken place?
Its physical property is affected, but it does not form a new substance.
4. What is the formula for density?
Density is equal to mass divided by volume
5. How do we find the density of a cube? List the steps
1. Calculate the volume by measuring the height, width, and length of the cube
2. Find its mass by weighing it.
3. Divide its mass by its volume
6. How do we get the density of an irregularly shaped object? List the steps
1. Fill a graduated cylinder with water and note the beginning volume
2. Put the object in and note the new “Displaced” volume.
3. Find it’s mass by weighing it
4. Divide it’s mass by its “Displaced” volume
7. What is malleability? Give an example
Malleability if the ability to bend or hammer metal into a shape. Iron nails hammered into shape
8. What is ductility? Give an example
The ability to draw, or stretch, a metal rod into a wire. Copper wiring in your house.
9. What is solubility? Give an example
The ability to dissolve in water to form a homogeneous solution. Sugar in water is an example.
Unit Study Guide Answers
10. What is Thermal expansion? Give an Example.
When a substance is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases, therefore, the molecules
begin moving more and usually maintain a greater average separation.
A hot air balloon is an example of Thermal expansion. Also, heating metal so it expands.
11. What is Specific Heat?
Specific heat is the amount of energy required to raise one gram of a pure substance by one degree
Celcius
12. Is Flammability a chemical or physical property? Chemical
Atomic Structure
1. List 3 subatomic particles included in the Atomic Structure.
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
2. Where is most (almost all) of the mass of an Atom located?
Nucleus
3. Which subatomic particle is insignificant when calculating atomic mass or weight?
Electron
4. Look at the periodic table, draw and label the “box” for Nitrogen.
7
N
5. What are Valence Electrons? They are electrons in the outer most shell.
Nitrogen
6. What do Valence Electrons tell us? How the element will bond and how stable it is.
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7. How do you know how many Protons are in an atom? The Atomic Number tells how many protons
are in an Atom.
8. How do you know how many neutrons are in an atom? Calculate Neutrons by subtracting the
Atomic Number from the Atomic Mass (rounded to the nearest whole number).
9. How do you know how many electrons are in an Atom? There are usually the same number as
electrons as protons and the Atomic Number tells how many protons are in an Atom.
10. Draw and label the atomic structure for Neon. Include 3 subatomic particles, nucleus, and energy
levels.