Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance philosophy wikipedia , lookup
French Renaissance literature wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance in Scotland wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance architecture wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance Revival architecture wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance music wikipedia , lookup
Italian Renaissance painting wikipedia , lookup
Review Unit #7 Renaissance (Western Europe’s Golden Age) THE RISE OF CAPITALISM What Europeans experience while on the Crusades will dramatically change Europe: o LEARNING: New Muslim ideas (much of it came from the Chinese ) Greek and Roman learning (had been preserved by Byzantine and Muslim Empires) o TRADE: New trade products from Middle East and Asia created new markets and increased wealth in Europe Middle Class (bourgeoisie): businessmen, craftsmen, merchants - Ranked between land owning Nobles and the Peasants Guilds: organizations of tradesmen and artists (similar to labor unions) - Regulated their trade or art (set prices, hours, standards) - Masters, apprentice and journeyman- levels of expertise - Emergence of trade fairs Capitalism: economic system that replaced feudalism; also known as a market economy - Based on using money – not land – for wealth - Entrepreneurs, shareholders, joint-stock companies – a new way of doing business - Consumers + producers determine which goods and services are produced and in what quantities Commercial Revolution: a dramatic change in the economy – from the land-based feudal economy to a money-based capitalist economy (market system) - Banking system established The Hanseatic League formed to promote and protect trade for northern European cities Italian city-states (especially Venice) dominated trade between the Middle East and Europe RENAISSANCE (1500 AD) Renaissance: a “rebirth” of ancient learning (Greek and Roman), as well as culture, that had disappeared during the Dark Ages; a Golden Age; = new ideas and discoveries -> cultural achievements and changes Italy: Renaissance began in Italy: Great location for trade on the Mediterranean Sea o Trade created wealthy people (patrons) used their wealth to sponsor great art Medici Family: Bankers from Florence great sponsors of the Renaissance Florence: center of the Renaissance movement (because of the Medici family support) Humanism: new way of thinking during the Renaissance; it is now appropriate to question things o less about religious themes (more about Man on Earth – not God in Heaven) o more about everyday, real life situations (secular or worldly – non religious) o Emphasis is now on the value of the individual – embrace one’s human experience Art: less religious themes - people appeared more lifelike - more about everyday situations (humanism) o perspective: a new technique that makes scenes look more three-dimensional (shows depth) o Leonardo da Vinci: a “Renaissance Man” (as he could do many things well); he painted the “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”; used movement and perspective in his work o Michelangelo: painted the ceiling of the “Sistine Chapel” and sculpted “David” Literature: less about religious themes - stories were written to entertain people (humanism) o Stressed the power of human reason o Renaissance literature began to be written in the vernacular (everyday local language of the people) o Shakespeare: wrote great stories and plays about everyday human situations o Machiavelli: wrote The Prince –a ruler should rule by fear – not love; “the end justifies the means” – do what is necessary to stay in power and to what is right for the state Printing Press: invented by Johann Gutenberg (German) o Books became more available and thus cheaper; ideas began to spread very quickly o More people began to learn to read (literacy increased) o Judged by many historians to be the most significant technological development in history