* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download fact finding answers
Survey
Document related concepts
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Physical oceanography wikipedia , lookup
Geomagnetic reversal wikipedia , lookup
Geochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Paleontology wikipedia , lookup
Anoxic event wikipedia , lookup
History of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Oceanic trench wikipedia , lookup
Tectonic–climatic interaction wikipedia , lookup
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
Geological history of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Large igneous province wikipedia , lookup
Supercontinent wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
FACT FINDING ANSWERS!!! 1. IN 1910, A YOUNG GERMAN SCIENTIST NAMED ALFRED_wegener______ FORMED A HYPOTHESIS THAT EARTH’S CONTINENTS HAD MOVED. 2. WEGENER’S HYPOTHESIS WAS THAT ALL CONTINENTS HAD ONCE BEEN JOINED TOGETHER IN A SINGLE LANDMASS AND HAVE SINCE __drifted___ APART. 3. WEGENER NAMED THIS SUPERCONTINENT _pangaea___, MEANING ALL LANDS. 4. WEGENER GATHERED EVIDENCE FROM LANDFORMS, fossils_____, AND EVIDENCE THAT SHOWED HOW EARTH’S CLIMATE HAD CHANGED. 5. MOUNTAIN _ranges_____ AND OTHER FEATURES ON THE CONTINENTS PROVIDED EVIDENCE FOR CONTINENTAL DRIFT. 6. A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA LINED UP WITH A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN _argentina____. 7. EUROPEAN __coal____ FIELDS MATCH UP WITH SIMILAR COAL FIELDS IN NORTH AMERICA. 8. A ___fossil______ IS A TRACE OF AN ANCIENT ORGANISM THAT HAS BEEN PRESERVED IN ROCK. 9. FOSSILS OF CERTAIN REPTILES HAVE BEEN FOUND IN PLACES NOW SEPARATED BY _oceans____ AND THESE REPTILES COULDN’T HAVE SWUM GREAT DISTANCES ACROSS SALT WATER. 10. FERNLIKE _plant____ FOSSILS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN ROCKS IN AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA, AUSTRALIA, INDIA, AND ANTARCTICA. 11. HAVING THESE PLANT FOSSILS ON WIDELY SEPARATED __landmasses___ CONVINCED WEGENER THAT THE CONTINENTS HAD ONCE BEEN UNITED. 12. THE FERNLIKE PLANT FOSSILS SEEDS WERE TOO __large___ TO HAVE BEEN CARRIED BY THE WIND AND TOO WEAK TO HAVE SURVIVED A TRIP BY OCEAN WAVES. 13. FOSSILS OF TROPICAL PLANTS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN PLACES WITH A HARSH, _polar___ CLIMATE. 14. CONTINENTAL __glaciers__ ONCE COVERED SOUTH AFRICA DUE TO DEEP SCRATCHES IN ROCK. 15. SOME PLACES WITH HARSH POLAR CLIMATES TODAY HAD A WARM AND _mild___ CLIMATE BACK DURING PANAGEA AND WHEN PANGAEA EXISTED, SOUTH AFRICA WAS MUCH CLOSER TO THE SOUTH POLE. 16. UNFORTUNATELY, WEGENER COULD NOT PROVIDE A SATISFACTORY EXPLANATION FOR THE __force__ THAT PUSHES OR PULLS THE CONTINENTS. 17. BECAUSE WEGENER COULD NOT IDENTIFY THE _cause___ OF CONTIENTAL DRIFT, MOST GEOLOGISTS REJECTED HIS IDEA. 18. PIECES OF THE LITHOSPHERE THAT MOVE AROUND ON TOP OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE ARE CALLED TECTONIC __plates______. 19. THE LITHOSPHERE IS LIKE A JIGSAW PUZZLE AND THE TECTONIC PLATES ARE LIKE ____pieces__ OF A JIGSAW PUZZLE. 20. ALL OF THE TECTONIC PLATES HAVE names___, BUT NOT ALL OF THEM ARE THE SAME. 21. SOME PLATES HAVE AN ENTIRE ___continent_____ ON IT, SOME HAVE ONLY OCEANIC CRUST, AND OTHERS INCLUDE BOTH CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST. 22. TECTONIC PLATES FLOAT ON THE __asthenosphere____________. 23. THE __plates___ COVER THE SURFACE OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE AND THEY TOUCH ONE ANOTHER AND MOVE AROUND. 24. CONTINENTAL _drift___ IS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT STATES THAT THE CONTINENTS ONCE FORMED A SINGLE LANDMASS, BROKE UP, AND DRIFTED TO THEIR PRESENT LOCATIONS. 25. FOSSILS OF THE SAME PLANT AND _animal____ SPECIES ARE FOUND ON CONTINENTS THAT ARE ON DIFFERENT SIDES OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. 26. FOSSILS, SIMILAR TYPES OF ROCK AND EVIDENCE OF THE SAME ANCIENT ____climatic____ CONDITIONS WERE FOUND ON SEVERAL CONTINENTS TO SUPPORT CONTINENTAL DRIFT AS WELL. 27. SINGLE, HUGE CONTINENT WAS CALLED PANGAEA AND EXISTED ABOUT _245___ MILLION YEARS AGO. 28. PANTHALASSA WAS THE __sea__ THAT SURROUNDED PANGAEA. 29. WHEN PANGAEA BROKE UP, THE NORTHERN PIECE WAS LAURASIA AND THE SOUTHERN PIECE WAS __gondwana_______. 30. MID-OCEAN ____ridges_____ ARE UNDERWATER MOUNTAIN CHAINS THAT RUN THROUGH EARTH’S OCEAN BASINS. 31. MID-OCEAN RIDGES ARE PLACES WHERE SEA-FLOOR __spreading___ TAKES PLACE. 32. SEA-FLOOR SPREADING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH _new__ OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE FORMS AS MAGMA RISES TOWARDS THE SURFACE AND SOLIDIFIES(COOLS). 33. AS THE TECTONIC PLATES MOVE __away__ FROM EACH OTHER, THE SEA FLOOR SPREADS APART AND MAGMA FILLS IN THE GAP. 34. AS THIS NEW CRUST FORMS AT THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE, OLDER CRUST GETS PUSHED _away____ FROM THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE. 35. OLDER CRUST IS _farther______ AWAY FROM THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE THAN YOUNGER CRUST IS. 36. SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EVIDENCE OF SEA-FLOOR SPREADING COMES FROM MAGNETIC __reversals____ RECORDED IN THE OCEAN FLOOR. 37. WHEN EARTH’S MAGNETIC POLES CHANGE _places___, THIS CHANGE IS CALLED A MAGNETIC REVERSAL. 38. WHEN TWO TECTONIC PLATES ___separate____, THE BOUNDARY IS A DIVERGENT BOUNDARY. 39. NEW SEA FLOOR FORMS AT __divergent______ BOUNDARIES AND THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF THIS. 40. THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE IS THE __longest______ CHAIN OF MOUNTAINS IN THE WORLD. 41. HARRY __hess_, AN AMERICAN GEOLOGIST, STUDIED THE MIDOCEAN RIDGE AND CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF SEA-FLOOR SPREADING. 42. HARRY HESS SAID THE OCEAN FLOORS MOVE LIKE CONVEYOR _belts__, CARRYING THE CONTINENTS ALONG WITH THEM. 43. THIS MOVEMENT BEGINS AT THE__mid-ocean________ RIDGE AND THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE FORMS ALONG A CRACK IN THE OCEANIC CRUST. 44. AT THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE, MOLTEN MATERIAL RISES FROM THE MANTLE AND ERUPTS. THE MOLTEN MATERIAL THEN SPREADS OUT, PUSHING _older___ ROCK TO BOTH SIDES OF THE RIDGE. 45. AS THE MOLTEN MATERIAL _cools___, IT FORMS A STRIP OF SOLID ROCK IN THE CENTER OF THE RIDGE. 46. THE PROCESS THAT CONTINUALLY ADDS new___ MATERIAL TO THE OCEAN FLOOR IS SEA-FLOOR SPREADING. 47. __younger______ CRUST IS NEAR THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE WHILE ODER CRUST IS PUSHED AWAY TO THE EDGES. 48. NEWLY FORMED OCEANIC CRUST LIES _closest_____ TO THE MIDOCEAN RIDGE. 49. ___older____ OCEANIC CRUST LIES FARTHER FROM THE MIDOCEAN RIDGE. 50. A RIFT ___valley___ FORMS IN THE MIDDLE WHEN THE SEA-FLOOR SPREADS APART. 51. SUBDUCTION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH THE OCEAN FLOOR _sinks__ BENEATH A DEEP-OCEAN TRENCH AND BACK INTO THE MANTLE. 52. __convection_______ CURRENTS UNDER THE LITHOSPHERE PUSH NEW CRUST THAT FORMS AT THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE AWAY FROM THE RIDGE AND TOWARD A DEEP-OCEAN TRENCH. 53. NEW OCEANIC CRUST IS HOT, BUT AS IT MOVES AWAY FROM THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE, IT cools____ AND BECOMES MORE DENSE. 54. GRAVITY PULLS THIS OLDER, _denser___ OCEANIC CRUST DOWN BENEATH THE TRENCH. 55. AS DENSITY INCREASES, AN OBJECT BEGINS TO sink___. 56. OLD OCEANIC CRUST melts___ AS IT SINKS BACK INTO THE MANTLE. 57. OCEANIC CRUST CREATED ALONG THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE IS DESTROYED AT A DEEP-OCEAN _trench___. 58. IN THE PROCESS OF _subduction_______, OCEANIC CRUST SINKS DOWN BENEATH THE TRENCH INTO THE MANTLE. 59. PLATES MOVE AT slow ___ RATES, FROM ABOUT 1 TO 10 CM PER YEAR. 60. PLATE TECTONICS IS THE THEORY THAT STATES THAT PIECES OF EARTH’S LITHOSPHERE ARE IN CONSTANT, SLOW ____motion_, DRIVEN BY CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE MANTLE.