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FACT FINDING ANSWERS!!!
1. IN 1910, A YOUNG GERMAN SCIENTIST NAMED
ALFRED_wegener______ FORMED A HYPOTHESIS THAT EARTH’S
CONTINENTS HAD MOVED.
2. WEGENER’S HYPOTHESIS WAS THAT ALL CONTINENTS HAD
ONCE BEEN JOINED TOGETHER IN A SINGLE LANDMASS AND
HAVE SINCE __drifted___ APART.
3. WEGENER NAMED THIS SUPERCONTINENT _pangaea___, MEANING
ALL LANDS.
4. WEGENER GATHERED EVIDENCE FROM LANDFORMS, fossils_____,
AND EVIDENCE THAT SHOWED HOW EARTH’S CLIMATE HAD
CHANGED.
5. MOUNTAIN _ranges_____ AND OTHER FEATURES ON THE
CONTINENTS PROVIDED EVIDENCE FOR CONTINENTAL DRIFT.
6. A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA LINED UP WITH A
MOUNTAIN RANGE IN _argentina____.
7. EUROPEAN __coal____ FIELDS MATCH UP WITH SIMILAR COAL
FIELDS IN NORTH AMERICA.
8. A ___fossil______ IS A TRACE OF AN ANCIENT ORGANISM THAT
HAS BEEN PRESERVED IN ROCK.
9. FOSSILS OF CERTAIN REPTILES HAVE BEEN FOUND IN PLACES
NOW SEPARATED BY _oceans____ AND THESE REPTILES COULDN’T
HAVE SWUM GREAT DISTANCES ACROSS SALT WATER.
10. FERNLIKE _plant____ FOSSILS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN ROCKS IN
AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA, AUSTRALIA, INDIA, AND ANTARCTICA.
11. HAVING THESE PLANT FOSSILS ON WIDELY SEPARATED
__landmasses___ CONVINCED WEGENER THAT THE CONTINENTS
HAD ONCE BEEN UNITED.
12. THE FERNLIKE PLANT FOSSILS SEEDS WERE TOO __large___ TO
HAVE BEEN CARRIED BY THE WIND AND TOO WEAK TO HAVE
SURVIVED A TRIP BY OCEAN WAVES.
13. FOSSILS OF TROPICAL PLANTS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN PLACES
WITH A HARSH, _polar___ CLIMATE.
14. CONTINENTAL __glaciers__ ONCE COVERED SOUTH AFRICA DUE
TO DEEP SCRATCHES IN ROCK.
15. SOME PLACES WITH HARSH POLAR CLIMATES TODAY HAD A
WARM AND _mild___ CLIMATE BACK DURING PANAGEA AND
WHEN PANGAEA EXISTED, SOUTH AFRICA WAS MUCH CLOSER
TO THE SOUTH POLE.
16. UNFORTUNATELY, WEGENER COULD NOT PROVIDE A
SATISFACTORY EXPLANATION FOR THE __force__ THAT PUSHES
OR PULLS THE CONTINENTS.
17. BECAUSE WEGENER COULD NOT IDENTIFY THE _cause___ OF
CONTIENTAL DRIFT, MOST GEOLOGISTS REJECTED HIS IDEA.
18. PIECES OF THE LITHOSPHERE THAT MOVE AROUND ON TOP OF
THE ASTHENOSPHERE ARE CALLED TECTONIC __plates______.
19. THE LITHOSPHERE IS LIKE A JIGSAW PUZZLE AND THE
TECTONIC PLATES ARE LIKE ____pieces__ OF A JIGSAW PUZZLE.
20. ALL OF THE TECTONIC PLATES HAVE names___, BUT NOT ALL OF
THEM ARE THE SAME.
21. SOME PLATES HAVE AN ENTIRE ___continent_____ ON IT, SOME
HAVE ONLY OCEANIC CRUST, AND OTHERS INCLUDE BOTH
CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST.
22. TECTONIC PLATES FLOAT ON THE __asthenosphere____________.
23. THE __plates___ COVER THE SURFACE OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE
AND THEY TOUCH ONE ANOTHER AND MOVE AROUND.
24. CONTINENTAL _drift___ IS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT STATES THAT
THE CONTINENTS ONCE FORMED A SINGLE LANDMASS, BROKE
UP, AND DRIFTED TO THEIR PRESENT LOCATIONS.
25. FOSSILS OF THE SAME PLANT AND _animal____ SPECIES ARE
FOUND ON CONTINENTS THAT ARE ON DIFFERENT SIDES OF THE
ATLANTIC OCEAN.
26. FOSSILS, SIMILAR TYPES OF ROCK AND EVIDENCE OF THE SAME
ANCIENT ____climatic____ CONDITIONS WERE FOUND ON SEVERAL
CONTINENTS TO SUPPORT CONTINENTAL DRIFT AS WELL.
27. SINGLE, HUGE CONTINENT WAS CALLED PANGAEA AND EXISTED
ABOUT _245___ MILLION YEARS AGO.
28. PANTHALASSA WAS THE __sea__ THAT SURROUNDED PANGAEA.
29. WHEN PANGAEA BROKE UP, THE NORTHERN PIECE WAS
LAURASIA AND THE SOUTHERN PIECE WAS __gondwana_______.
30. MID-OCEAN ____ridges_____ ARE UNDERWATER MOUNTAIN
CHAINS THAT RUN THROUGH EARTH’S OCEAN BASINS.
31. MID-OCEAN RIDGES ARE PLACES WHERE SEA-FLOOR
__spreading___ TAKES PLACE.
32. SEA-FLOOR SPREADING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH _new__
OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE FORMS AS MAGMA RISES TOWARDS THE
SURFACE AND SOLIDIFIES(COOLS).
33. AS THE TECTONIC PLATES MOVE __away__ FROM EACH OTHER,
THE SEA FLOOR SPREADS APART AND MAGMA FILLS IN THE GAP.
34. AS THIS NEW CRUST FORMS AT THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE, OLDER
CRUST GETS PUSHED _away____ FROM THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE.
35. OLDER CRUST IS _farther______ AWAY FROM THE MID-OCEAN
RIDGE THAN YOUNGER CRUST IS.
36. SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EVIDENCE OF SEA-FLOOR
SPREADING COMES FROM MAGNETIC __reversals____ RECORDED
IN THE OCEAN FLOOR.
37. WHEN EARTH’S MAGNETIC POLES CHANGE _places___, THIS
CHANGE IS CALLED A MAGNETIC REVERSAL.
38. WHEN TWO TECTONIC PLATES ___separate____, THE BOUNDARY IS
A DIVERGENT BOUNDARY.
39. NEW SEA FLOOR FORMS AT __divergent______ BOUNDARIES AND
THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF THIS.
40. THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE IS THE __longest______ CHAIN OF
MOUNTAINS IN THE WORLD.
41. HARRY __hess_, AN AMERICAN GEOLOGIST, STUDIED THE MIDOCEAN RIDGE AND CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF SEA-FLOOR
SPREADING.
42. HARRY HESS SAID THE OCEAN FLOORS MOVE LIKE CONVEYOR
_belts__, CARRYING THE CONTINENTS ALONG WITH THEM.
43. THIS MOVEMENT BEGINS AT THE__mid-ocean________ RIDGE AND
THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE FORMS ALONG A CRACK IN THE
OCEANIC CRUST.
44. AT THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE, MOLTEN MATERIAL RISES FROM
THE MANTLE AND ERUPTS. THE MOLTEN MATERIAL THEN
SPREADS OUT, PUSHING _older___ ROCK TO BOTH SIDES OF THE
RIDGE.
45. AS THE MOLTEN MATERIAL _cools___, IT FORMS A STRIP OF
SOLID ROCK IN THE CENTER OF THE RIDGE.
46. THE PROCESS THAT CONTINUALLY ADDS new___ MATERIAL TO
THE OCEAN FLOOR IS SEA-FLOOR SPREADING.
47. __younger______ CRUST IS NEAR THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE WHILE
ODER CRUST IS PUSHED AWAY TO THE EDGES.
48. NEWLY FORMED OCEANIC CRUST LIES _closest_____ TO THE MIDOCEAN RIDGE.
49. ___older____ OCEANIC CRUST LIES FARTHER FROM THE MIDOCEAN RIDGE.
50. A RIFT ___valley___ FORMS IN THE MIDDLE WHEN THE SEA-FLOOR
SPREADS APART.
51. SUBDUCTION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH THE OCEAN FLOOR
_sinks__ BENEATH A DEEP-OCEAN TRENCH AND BACK INTO THE
MANTLE.
52. __convection_______ CURRENTS UNDER THE LITHOSPHERE PUSH
NEW CRUST THAT FORMS AT THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE AWAY
FROM THE RIDGE AND TOWARD A DEEP-OCEAN TRENCH.
53. NEW OCEANIC CRUST IS HOT, BUT AS IT MOVES AWAY FROM
THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE, IT cools____ AND BECOMES MORE DENSE.
54. GRAVITY PULLS THIS OLDER, _denser___ OCEANIC CRUST DOWN
BENEATH THE TRENCH.
55. AS DENSITY INCREASES, AN OBJECT BEGINS TO sink___.
56. OLD OCEANIC CRUST melts___ AS IT SINKS BACK INTO THE
MANTLE.
57. OCEANIC CRUST CREATED ALONG THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE IS
DESTROYED AT A DEEP-OCEAN _trench___.
58. IN THE PROCESS OF _subduction_______, OCEANIC CRUST SINKS
DOWN BENEATH THE TRENCH INTO THE MANTLE.
59. PLATES MOVE AT slow ___ RATES, FROM ABOUT 1 TO 10 CM PER
YEAR.
60. PLATE TECTONICS IS THE THEORY THAT STATES THAT PIECES
OF EARTH’S LITHOSPHERE ARE IN CONSTANT, SLOW ____motion_,
DRIVEN BY CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE MANTLE.