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Nombre __________________________ Español 3: El Paquete del capítulo 4.1 Las metas de aprendizaje (learning goals): En esta lección podrás: Describir a la gente Decirles a los otros que hacer Expresar deseos Podrás usar: *subjunctive with ojalá and verbs or hope *subjunctive with verbs of influence * suffixes Capítulo 4.1: “¿Quién te inspira?” Describe People sincero(a) comportarse bien / mal sobresaliente la conducta tímido(a) destacarse por... vanidoso(a) idealizar (a alguien) Professions imitar el (la) astronauta personificar el (la) científico(a) representar el (la) detective Personal characteristics el (la) electricista atrevido(a) el (la) empresario(a) comprensivo(a) el (la) entrenador(a) considerado(a) el (la) mecánico(a) dedicado (a) el (la) obrero(a) desagradable el (la) piloto fiel el (la) programador(a) generoso(a) el (la) trabajador(a) social impaciente ingenioso(a) modesto(a) orgulloso(a) paciente popular presumido(a) razonable Tell Others What to Do aconsejar que dejar que exigir que mandar que prohibir (í) que sugerir (ie, i) que 1 La Gramática: El Subjuntivo ¿Recuerdan las formas del subjuntivo de presente? There is a very important 3 step process: 1. ____________________ *Be careful of irregular yo forms 2. ____________________ *Be careful of stem changers (ar/er vs. ir) 3. ____________________ *Be careful of irregulars (DISHES) Los usos del subjuntivo: The subjunctive is not a tense; rather, it is a ____________. Tense refers to when an action takes place (past, present, future) while mood merely reflects how the speaker feels about the action. Every verb conjugation we have learned thus far have been in the ________________ mood. Indicative mood=factual information, certainty and objectivity. Subjunctive mood= uncertainty, doubt, and subjectivity. (I doubt that…, I want…, It’s important that… etc.) You rarely see the subjunctive being used in English but here are 2 examples: *The doctor recommends that he take the pills with food. *If I were a rich woman, I would have a nice car. To help us remember, we use the acronym ________________to organize the rules for when to use the subjunctive. W: _____________________________ (4.1 pg 222) E: (4.2 pg 248) _____________________________ D: _____________________________ (4.2 pg 243) D: _____________________________ (4.2 pg 243) I: _____________________________ (3.2 Pg 128/183) N: _____________________________ (5.1 pg 282) G: _____________________________ (4.1 pg 217) 2 W: _________________________ When a verb expressing wish, will or want (some are listed below) is used with a _______________________________, the subjunctive will be used in the 2nd clause (2nd part of sentence). This is because although somebody wishes, wills or wants someone to do something, it is not certain they will actually do it (subjunctive). “Wish” Verbs: Desear Esperar Querer “Will/Want” Verbs: Aconsejar Dejar Evitar Exigir Gustaría Insistir en Mandar Necesitar Pedir Permitir Preferir Prohibir (Í) Querer Recomendar (e-ie) Sugerir (e-ie) “W” VERB + QUE + CHANGE OF SUBJECT + SUBJUNCTIVE Ej: Yo quiero que Uds. hablen español. (Change of subject from yo to Uds.) *What I want is certain, however, it is not certain that you will do what I want. 1st clause (before _______) 2nd clause (after _______) Ella pide que ellos no salgan. 1st clause=indicative 2nd clause=subjunctive **THERE HAS TO BE A ___________________________ (COS) TO USE THE SUBJUNCTIVE WITH WISH, WILL, WANT CLAUSES!!! If there is not a change of subject, typically the ________________ will be used with the “W” verb. You have been doing this since Spanish 1. Ejemplo: Espero sacar buenas notas. (I hope to get good grades.) Tú necesitas comportarte bien (You need to behave well.) La Práctica: 1. Yo ____________ (querer) que tú ____________ (tomar) la aspirina. I want you to take the aspirin. (It is certain I want it-indicative-but uncertain if you will actually take it-subjunctive. Notice the change of subject!) 2. Me gustaría _____________ (ser) atrevido. I would like to be daring.. (Be careful--is there a change of subject?) 3 G: ________________ “G” is really the same rule as “W” but uses a new expression. If you use the expression ______________, you must use the subjunctive. Ojalá que literally means “______________” but translates as “______________.” Ojalá + que + subjunctive Ejemplo: Ojalá que yo me releje hoy. (I hope I can relax today.) Ojalá que no llueva. (I hope it doesn’t rain.) **Nota Gramátical** Many of the Spanish adjectives can be changed to nouns by adding some common suffixes. These suffixes (-cia, -ez, -dad, -ción) create feminine nouns. Adjective Paciente (patient) Noun La paciencia (patience) Sincero (sincere) La sinceridad (sincerity) Tímido (shy) La timidez (shyness) Considerado (considerate) La consideración (consideration) Generoso (generous) ______________________ Dedicado (dedicated) ______________________ Popular (popular) ______________________ *Comprensivo (understanding) *La comprensión (understanding) *Modesto (modest) *La modestia (modesty) *Fiel (faithful) *La fidelidad (faithfulness, loyalty) *Vanidoso (vain) *La vanidad (vanity) Ejemplo: Norma es impaciente. Se destaca por su impaciencia. Norma is impatient. She stands out for her impatience. 4