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HortBotany Lesson Plan #2a Plant Classification Angiosperms There are over 250,000 species of angiosperms. Angiosperms are flowering plants. They make up around 80 percent of all the living plant species on Earth. http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Anthoph/%20AnthophINDX They produce true flowers. Flowers: are reproductive structures. The parts of an Angiosperm flower: PETAL RECEPTACLE SEPAL PEDICEL STIGMA ANTHER STYLE STAMEN PISTIL OVARY FILAMENT OVULE Angiosperm Development Ovules are borne within an enclosed structure called the ovary. Fertilized ovules develop into “seeds”. After fertilization the ovary begins to swell and eventually becomes a fruit. The ovules that were once enclosed by an ovary have become seeds which are now enclosed by a swollen ovary or fruit. A cucumber is technically a fruit, in the botanical sense, even though we call it a vegetable. Maple schizocarps, Oak acorns, pumpkins, tomatoes, eggplant and cherries are also all fruits. How do you know? If you cut them open they contain seeds. Definition of a “fruit”: in a botanical sense, a fruit is a swollen ovary containing seeds. Angiosperms are divided into two important Classes Monocots & Dicots Number of Cotyledons Dicots Monocots TWO ONE Venation NETTED Flower Parts 4’s or 5’s Vascular Bundles ARRANGED IN A RING AROUND THE PITH PARALLEL 3’s SCATTERED Seeds: Seeds have 3 basic parts: 1) Embryo + cotyledon(s) 2) Seed Coat 3) Food Storage SEED COAT ENDOSPERM (FOOD STORAGE) ONE COTYLEDON EMBRYO Monocot Seed SEED COAT TWO COTYLEDONS (FOOD STORAGE) EMBRYO Dicot Seed Gymnosperms (Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta and Coniferophyta) The word gymnosperm means: “naked seed”. Seeds are not surrounded by an ovary. The Gymnosperms that we are most familiar with are the Conifers (cone bearing plants). The conifers include such plants as: Pine, Fir, Spruce, Hemlock, Douglas-fir, Larch, Juniper, etc. Most conifers are: evergreen. Evergreen species retain their foliage year-round. In conifers, seeds are borne on the scales of female cones. Pollen is produced in separate male cones borne at the ends of the branches. Generally speaking, the scales of the female cones are hard and woody. However, some species produce female cones with soft, fleshy scales like those found in the Junipers (Juniperus). H:\Data\PSALADI\Class Folders\HortBotany\HortBot_Curr\HortBot_lesson plan2a.doc