Download The Dynamic Earth Ch. 3 Sect. 1 Objectives Describe the

The Dynamic Earth
Ch. 3
Sect. 1 Objectives
Describe the composition and structure of the Earth.
Describe the Earth’s tectonic plates.
Explain the main cause of earthquakes and their effects.
Identify the relationship between volcanic eruptions and climate change.
Describe how wind and water alter the Earth’s surface.
Earths Layers
__________________(rock), __________________ (air), _________________ (water)
__________________ (living things)
The Earth Below Us
The Crust (dense)
______________________________
Only 1% of Earth’s mass
______________________________
The Mantle (denser)
64% of Earth’s mass
______________________________
The Core (most dense)
______________________________
Plate Tectonics
Lithosphere – Earth’s outer most layer and ____________________________
Asthenosphere – layer directly below the lithosphere, ___________________
Tectonic Plates are in the lithosphere and move because of the moving rocks in
the asthenosphere
There is a lot of activity at the boundaries of tectonic plates
Colliding – ______________________________
Sliding – ______________________________
Moving away – ______________________________
This causes many natural phenomena to occur
Mountains (colliding)
Earthquakes (slipping or sliding)
Volcanoes (colliding or separating)
Mountains
Made by plates: ______________________________
Example: Himalaya Mountains - Eurasian Plate and Indian Plate collided
Earthquakes
Fault – _____________________________________________________________
(tectonic plate boundaries)
Causes
Tectonic plates slipping, causes vibrations
Magnitude – ______________________________
Volcanoes
- ______________________________
Magma - melted rock that rises from the interior of the earth to the surface
Global effects:
______________________________
Reduce the amount of sunlight reaching earth
______________________________
Erosion
- __________________________________________
Wears down rocks and makes them smoother
Rocky Mountains vs. Appalachian Mountains
Sect. 2 Objectives
Describe the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Describe the layers of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Explain three mechanisms of heat transfer in Earth’s atmosphere.
Explain the greenhouse effect.
Atmosphere
- ______________________________
Nitrogen – 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Carbon Dioxide, argon, methane, water vapor – 1%
Aerosols
- ____________________________________________________
Atmospheric Layers
Troposphere
______________________________
Almost all weather occurs here
______________________________
Temperature decreases as Altitude increases
Stratosphere
Above the Troposphere
_____________________________
Includes the Ozone layer
-Reduces UV radiation that reaches the Earth
Mesosphere
Above the Stratosphere
______________________________
Thermosphere
______________________________
Hottest layer! Because Nitrogen and Oxygen absorb solar radiation. Over 2000oC
Would not feel hot to us. Why?
______________________________
Energy In the Atmosphere
Radiation – ______________________________
Ex: Energy from the sun
Convection – ______________________________
Ex: wind
Conduction – _____________________________
Greenhouse Effect
1.Sunlight enters Earth’s atmosphere
2.Earth’s surface radiates heat back to the atmosphere
Some heat escapes
Some heat is trapped by Greenhouse Gases
Ex: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
3.Trapped heat radiated back to Earth’s surface, warming the air.
Without this Earth would be too cold to live on
However, too many greenhouse gases can trap too much heat.
Sect. 3 Objectives
Name the three major processes in the water cycle.
Describe the properties of ocean water.
Describe the two types of ocean currents.
Explain how the ocean regulates Earth’s temperature.
Discuss the factors that confine life to the biosphere.
Explain the difference between open and closed systems.
Water Cycle
- ______________________________
Evaporation – water heated by the sun rises into the atmosphere
Condensation – water in the atmosphere cools and forms water droplets on dust particles
Precipitation – ______________________________
Snow, sleet, hail, rain
Transpiration – ______________________________
Rock Cycle – draw in your EcoLog!!
World Ocean
- ____________________________________________________
Pacific Ocean – Largest
Contains the deepest part of the ocean – Challenger Deep at the bottom of the Mariana
Trench
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean – smallest
______________________________
The World Temperature Regulator
The Oceans!!!!
Absorbs and stores energy from the sun, this helps regulate the temperature on Earth.
Releases heat slowly when it is cold
Absorbs heat when it is hot
Milder temperatures occur by large bodies of water
Can regulate the temperature in areas
Ex: The Gulf Stream affects the British Isle climate