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Biology SOL Review Packet
Scientific Method
1. _______________________Observations are made using the ___.
2. ________________________________When making a hypothesis, if you want to research data the
best place to find current findings on the newest technologies is a __.
3. ________________________________ very useful when interpreting and analyzing data
4. _______________________ An educated guess/prediction that can be tested (usuall “If.,Then” form)
5. _______________________ the factors that are measure in an experiment
6. _______________________ the variable that you purposely change in the experiment
7. _______________________ the variable that changes as a result of the change you made in #6.
8. _______________________ the baseline measurement that you compare your data to
9. _______________________ the things that are purposely kept the same in the experiment
10. _______________________ a structured way to test a hypothesis
Scientific Tools
1. _______________________ used for measuring mass
2. _______________________________ used for examining extremely small specimens
3. _______________________________ used to discover cells & what we used in class
4. _______________________________ used for measuring precise volumes of liquids
5. _______________________ less accurate tool for measuring volume
6. _______________________________ used to make BIG changes in focus
7. _______________________ adjusts the amount of light
8. _______________________________ changes the magnification
9. _______________________________ holds down the slide
10. _______________________________ what you look through
11. Draw a picture demonstrating how to properly put on a cover-slip when making a wet-mount slide and
write a short explanation about why you do those steps.
Characteristics of Living Things
1. _________________________ smallest unit of all life
2. _________________________ get and use energy in order to carry out life functions
3. _________________________ organisms rely on each other to survive
4. _________________________ either sexually or asexually
5. _________________________ maintain a constant internal environment: “balance” (ex. Body temp.)
6. _________________________ pass on traits to offspring
7. _________________________ populations of organisms change over time
Biological terms in order from smallest to largest
1. _________________________ the smallest unit of life
2. _________________________ a group of cells that carry out a similar function
3. _________________________ a group of tissues that carry out a specialized function in the body
4. _________________________ a group of organs that work together to perform body functions
5. _________________________ a single living thing
6. _________________________ a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area
7. _________________________ group of organisms that look similar & can produce fertile offspring
8. _________________________ group of different species in the same habitat that interact w/each other
9. _________________________ a community of organisms and their nonliving environment
10. _________________________ all of the world and its atmosphere that supports life
Life at the Molecular Level
1. ________________________ Water is inorganic because it does NOT contain this element
2. ________________________ a molecule that has an unevenly distributed charge (+ and – ends)
3. _______________________________ attraction between the + and – ends of a water molecule
4. _______________________________ movement of water up thin tubes (like water moving up a tree)
5. ________________________ means water molecules ‘stick’ to each other
6. ________________________ means water molecules ‘stick’ to other substances
7. _______________________________ property that helps bugs stand on water
8. ________________________ Water expands when it freezes, which makes ice __.
9. ________________________________ means it takes a lot of energy to raise or lower its temperature
10. ________________________ #9 is important to help organisms maintain __.
11. ________________________ because water is polar, it dissolves things & is called the ‘universal __.’
12. ________________________ cells and your entire body are made mostly of this
13. ________________________ have a pH range of 0-6
14. ________________________ have a pH range of 8-14
15. ________________________ a pH of 7
Water Cycle
1. ________________________ water falling to the ground
2. ________________________ formed by water that percolates through the soil
3. ________________________ water that does not soak into the ground
4. ________________________ water released into the air as water vapor from plant leaves
5. ________________________ water heated and changed from a liquid to a gas
6. ________________________ cooling of water, which forms clouds and changes a gas to liquid
The Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Cycle
1. ________________________ organisms that make their own food
2. ________________________ organelle used by most organisms in #1 to make their own food
3. ________________________ process by which organisms in #1 use solar energy to make food
4. ________________________ the ‘food’ created in the process in #3
5. ________________________ the process in #3 converts __ energy into chemical energy
6. ________________________ animals that can NOT make their own food
7. ________________________ ATP(energy) is produced during this process (occurs in ALL organisms)
8. ________________________ the organelle in which the process in #7 takes place
9. Photosynthesis:
_____________ + _______________
solar energy
___________ & _________________
Respiration:
_____________ + _______________
___________ & _________________
ATP
10. ________________________ the gas made by respiration
11. ________________________ the gas taken in by photosynthesis
12. ________________________ the gas made by photosynthesis
13. ________________________ the gas taken in by respiration
14. ________________________ the energy molecule produced by respiration
Organic Compounds
1. _______ the number of organic compounds
2. ________________________ all organic compounds contain this element
*Carbohydrates:
3. ________________________ the building blocks of carbohydrates
4. ________________________ carbs are broken down to produce __.
5. ________________________ an example of carbohydrates
6. ________________________ the suffix for ‘sugars’
7. ________________________ carbs have a ratio of 1:2:1 of carbon, hydrogen, and __.
*Lipids
8. ________________________ lipids include fats, oils, and __.
9. ________________________ lipids are used to store __.
10. ________________________ lipids (like whale blubber) may do this, which means to help hold heat
11. ________________________ a protective lipid layer on leaves, called a __, prevents water loss
*Proteins
12. ________________________ the monomers of proteins
13. ________________________ the monomers in #12 are held together with this type of bond
14. ________________________ special types of proteins that catalyze reactions
15. ________________________ word that means to “speed up”
16. ________________________ the proteins in #14 usually end in this suffix
17. ________________________ enzymes are __ during reactions
18. ________________________ acids and high __ may destroy enzymes
19. ________________________ enzymes have active sites that allow them to interact with a __.
20. _______________________ what is produced after the enzyme changes the substrate
21. Circle the substrates below. Put a square around the enzyme before and after the reaction. Put a
triangle around the product.
22. Write a short summary of what happened in the picture above.
*Nucleic Acids
23. ___________ & ____________ the two types of nucleic acids
24. ________________________ the monomer of nucleic acids
25. The 3 parts of #24: ____________________, ___________________, & _______________________
26. ________________________ in DNA, adenine bonds with __.
27. ________________________ in DNA, guanine bonds with __.
28. ________________________ type of bond that holds the nitrogenous bases together in DNA
29. ______________________________ shape of DNA
30. ______________________________ credited with discovering the shape of DNA
31. ______________________________ took X-ray photos of DNA that help with determining structure
32. ________________________ process that makes an exact copy of DNA
33. __________________________ the sugar in DNA
34. __________________________ the sugar in RNA
35. ________________________ RNA does NOT have this nitrogen base
36. ________________________ only RNA has this nitrogen base
37. _________ is single-straned
38. _________ is a double strand
39. ________________________________ this process involves inserting foreign DNA into a host DNA
to make recombinant DNA.
40. Describe the steps of genetic engineering as pictured above. EcoRI is a restrictor enzyme (which is the
enzyme that recognizes a certain DNA sequence and cuts it).
Life at the Cellular Level
1. List the 3 parts of the original cell theory:
a. _____________________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________________
*Development of Cell Theory
2. _________________________ first to observe living microorganisms through a microscope
3. _________________________ observed cork and named cells
4. _________________________ studied plants and said all plants are made of cell
5. _________________________ studied animals and said all animals are made of cell
6. _________________________ concluded that all cells can only come from pre-existing cells
*Types of Cells: Tell whether each of the following describe Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, or Both
7. _________________________ have a nucleus
8. _________________________ have organelles
9. _________________________ includes the kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
10. _________________________ do not have organelles (mini-organs)
11. _________________________ includes Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals
12. _________________________ have DNA
13. _________________________ go through mitosis
14. _________________________ go through binary fission
15. _________________________ have ribosomes to synthesize proteins
Cellular Organelles
1. __________________________ command center of the cell; contains DNA
2. __________________________ small organelle in the nucleus that makes ribosomes
3. __________________________ the site of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
4. __________________________ transport system of the cell
5. __________________________ collects, packages, and distributes proteins
6. __________________________ contains digestive enzymes to break down old cell parts
7. __________________________ storage tank of the cell
8. __________________________ organelle that conducts ‘respiration’ for the cell (energy)
9. __________________________ organelle that conducts ‘photosynthesis’ for plant cells
10. __________________________ the powerhouse of the cell
11. __________________________ assists in cell division in animal cells only
12. __________________________ the jelly-like material in which organelles float inside a cell
13. __________________________ made of cellulose (plants) or chitin (fungi); outside boundary
14. __________________________ controls what goes in and out of cells; fluid mosaic model
15. __________________________ numerous in heart muscle cells because of the need for energy
16. __________________________ numerous in cells that produce large quantities of proteins
17. __________________________ basic shape of plant cells
18. __________________________ basic shape of animal cells
19. __________________________ organelle in plant cells that is MUCH larger than in animal cell
20. __________________________ pressure created in plants by absence or presence of water in #19
Fluid Mosaic Model and Movement Through the Cell Membrane
1. The cell membrane is composed of __________________________, proteins, and carbohydrates.
2. ___________________________ the term fluid mosaic model describes this
3. ___________________________ Diffusion is this type of transport
4. ___________________________ the type of transport in #3 does NOT require __
5. ___________________________ Passive transport moves molecules from __ to __ concentration.
6. ___________________________ diffusion where carrier proteins help molecules across the membrane
7. ___________________________ type of diffusion involving only the movement of water molecules
8. ___________________________ type of transport that requires energy
9. ___________________________ the transport in #8 moves molecules from ___ to ___ concentration.
10. ___________________________ active transport that moves molecules INTO the cell
11. ___________________________ active transport that moves molecules OUT of the cell
12. ___________________________ moving SOLIDS into the cell
13. ___________________________ moving LIQUIDS into the cell
Cell Division
*Mitosis
1. __________________________ the two identical parts that make up a chromosome
2. __________________________ this holds the two parts of the chromosome together
3. __________________________ only animal cells have these to help with chromosome movement
4. __________________________ phase where chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends
5. __________________________ phase when DNA is replicated so each cell has same information
6. __________________________ phase when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
7. __________________________ these are DNA that are loose or uncoiled chromosomes
8. __________________________ during anaphase, these shorten & actually pull the chromosomes apart
9. __________________________ the division of the cytoplasm
10. __________________________ in plant cells only, this forms to separate the two new cells
11. __________________________ phase where chromosomes become visible
12. __________________________ phase where the new nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes
13. __________________________ in animal cells only, this forms during cytokinesis to separate the cells
14. __________________________ these attach to the chromosomes at the centromere
15. __________________________ early phase of mitosis; the nuclear membrane begins to disappear
16. __________________________ phase when 2 new daughter cells are actually formed
*Meiosis
17. __________________________ meiosis makes sex cells, which are called __.
18. __________________________ the male sex cell
19. __________________________ the female sex cell
20. __________________________ How many times does a cell divide during mitosis?
21. __________________________ How many times does a cell divide during meiosis?
22. __________________________ Meiosis makes cells with __ the # of chromosomes as the parent.
23. __________________________ If a human body cell has 46 chromosomes, the sex cell has __.
24. __________________________ If an animal’s sex cell has 12 chromosomes, the body cells have __.
25. __________________________ a matching chromosome with the same information regarding traits
26. __________________________ when a cell has 2 full sets of homologous chromosomes it is __.
27. __________________________ sex cells that have only one set of chromosomes are called __.
28. __________________________ an egg and cell combine during this process
29. __________________________ homologous chromosome exchange info. (crossing over) during this
stage, which can add diversity to organisms.
Making Proteins
1. __________________________Almost everything in a living organisms is made of or made by __.
2. __________________________ when RNA enters the nucleus and copies the message from DNA
3. __________________________ DNA can NOT leave the __.
4. __________________________ The mRNA carries the ‘message’ to the __ for protein synthesis.
5. __________________________ a sequence of 3 bases on mRNA
6. __________________________ a sequence of 3 bases on a tRNA
7. __________________________ Amino acids are linked together with a __ bond.
8. __________________________ Amino acids form __.
9. __________________________ another name for actually making proteins
10. __________________________ The sequence of __ bases on DNA carry the genetic code.
Transcription & Translation

Use the following DNA sequence and codon chart to complete 1-3.
GGCCATTTCGATTTGAGC
1. mRNA strand: ___________________________________________________
2. amino acids: ___________________________________________________________________
3. This protein is made of ________ amino acids (give the number).
DNA Technology
1. _________________________ DNA __ is used to identify crime suspects (such as murder or rape).
2. _________________________ No 2 people have the same DNA except __.
3. _____________________________________ Collaborative project to find the human DNA sequence.
4. _________________________ The project above was collaborative because 13 __ worked together.
5. _________________________ Scientists hoped to find the sequence of bases to ultimately find the __
responsible for certain diseases and human traits.
6. The project above basically was an extremely long chain of what 4 letters? _____________________
Genetics
1. __________________________ two different alleles- a hybrid (Tt)
2. __________________________ is the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring
3. __________________________ is the type of genes or alleles present in an organism’s genome
4. __________________________ form of gene that always shows when present
5. __________________________ all of the genes in an organism
6. __________________________ are different forms of the same gene (ex: tall vs. short)
7. __________________________ two alleles of the same form that make up a genotype (TT or tt)
8. __________________________ the father of modern genetics
9. __________________________ form of an allele only expressed in a homozygous state
10. __________________________ an inherited characteristic
11. __________________________ an organism’s physical appearance
12. __________________________ the study of heredity
13. __________________________ a segment of DNA located on a chromosome that codes for a
particular protein
14. __________________________ table used to diagram the probability of getting certain genotypes
15. __________________________ cross that looks at only ONE trait
16. __________________________ cross that looks at TWO traits at a time
17. __________________________ first generation of a cross (parental generation)
18. __________________________ offspring of the generation above
19. __________________________ offspring of the generation in #18.
20. _________________________________ The Law of __ states that each gene is inherited separately
from others if they are on different chromosomes.
21. _________________________________ The Law of __ states that 2 alleles for each trait separate as
gametes form.
22. __________________________ the blending of traits: red flowers + white flowers = pink flowers
23. __________________________ both alleles are expressed equally (such as type AB blood)
24. __________________________ traits usually more common in males that females (carried on the X)
Mutations
*Gene mutations
1. _________________________ A __ mutation is a change in one or more nucleotide bases of DNA.
2. _________________________ mutations are caused by these (UV light & chemicals can be examples)
3. _________________________ type of mutation when 1 nucleotide base in DNA is changes
4. _________________________ type of mutation when a nucleotide base is inserted or deleted
** Use this original DNA sequence for the following problems: A T A A C G C C T A T T
5. What would a replicated DNA strand look like? _________________________________________
6. The number of codons is ________.
7. The mRNA of the original sequence would be ___________________________________________.
** If the original DNA strand had the “G” deleted…
8. Then the mRNA sequence would be ____________________________________________
9. The number of codons would be ________.
** If the original strand had a “C” added to the beginning…
10. Then the mRNA strand would be ___________________________________________
11. The number of codons above would be ________.
12. What types of mutations were demonstrated above? ___________________________
** If the original strand had the “G” changed to an “A”…
13. Then the mRNA strand would be ____________________________________________
14. The number of codons above would be ________.
15. The type of mutation that just occurred is a ____________________ mutation.
*Chromosomal mutations
16. __________________________ type of mutation where there is a change in the number or structure of
a single chromosome or whole sets of chromosomes.
17. __________________________ chromosomes don’t separate during meiosis
18. __________________________ chromosome pieces are moved onto another chromosome
19. __________________________ chromosome segment is inserted in reverse order
20. __________________________ a segment of chromosomes is repeated
21. __________________________ a segment of chromosomes is removed
22. __________________________ a segment of chromosome is added into the DNA sequence
23. __________________________ cells that have half the number of chromosomes (sex cells)
24. __________________________ cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes (1 from mom & 1 from dad)
25. __________________________ a cell with 3 sets of chromosomes
26. __________________________ a cell with many extra sets of chromosomes
Genetic Disorders
1. __________________________ can be used to detect mutations affecting the number of chromosomes
2. __________________________ occurs when there is an extra copy of a chromosome in a diploid cell
3. __________________________ when the above mutation occurs with the 21st chromosome pair
4. __________________________ when there’s a chromosome missing from a pair in a diploid cell
5. __________________________ condition that occurs when there is only one sex chromosome
**Look at the diagram below:
6. What disorder would the person above be diagnosed with? ________________________________
7. How do you determine the disorder? __________________________________________________
8. What is the gender of the person above? _______________________
Taxonomy
Classification Level
Trick to remember
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
*Naming Organisms
9. __________________________ ‘2 name naming’
10. __________________________ system above was developed by this scientist
11. __________________________ the 1st name in the scientific name is the __.
12. __________________________ the 2nd name in the scientific name is the __.
13. __________________________ If 2 organisms are in the same genus, they must be in the same __.
14. __________________________ Clostridium tetani & Clostridium botulinum are in the kingdom __.
15. __________________________ The organisms above are of different __.
16. __________________________ The organisms above are in the same __ (as indicated by their names).
17. __________________________ organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
**Complete the chart below (use the word bank for the examples 1-10 only)
Kingdom
Cell Type
Cell Structure
Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Cell wall
Archeabacteria
Number of cells
Nutrition
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Cell wall
Examples
1.
2.
3.
Protista
Mixed
Uni or
Multicellular
Autotroph or
heterotroph
4.
5.
Cell wall
(chitin)
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Eukaryotic
Uni or
Multicellular
6.
7.
Cell wall
(cellulose)
8.
No cell wall
10.
9.
Agents of Disease
1. __________________________ Viruses are considered __.
2. __________________________ Viruses can only reproduce in a __.
3. __________________________ Viruses only contain DNA and an outside __ made of protein.
4. __________________________ A virus does not usually enter a cell, but injects its __.
5. __________________________ Antibiotics are used to fight __ infections.
6. __________________________ Antibiotics will not help a viral infection because viruses are not _
7. __________________________ A cold, the flu, and HIV are all caused by a __.
8. __________________________ these are made from a destroyed or weakened form of a virus
9. __________________________ You build up immunity in your body by making __.
10. __________________________ Any agent of disease is known as a __.
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
1. __________________________ Only complex kingdoms, like plants and animal, use __ reproduction.
2. __________________________ Sperm and eggs
3. __________________________ Body cells replicate by __.
4. __________________________ Sex cells replicate by __.
5. __________________________ a pollen grain is this type of sex cell
6. __________________________ the process of a pollen grain fertilizing an egg in a flower
7. __________________________ the female part of a flower that contains ovules or eggs
8. __________________________ pollen is found on the anther or __, which is the male part of a flower
9. __________________________ taxonomic classification of flowering plants
10. __________________________ taxonomic classification of plants that do not flower; often called the
“naked seed plants”; may have seeds in cones
11. __________________________ pine trees (trees that make cones)
Evolution
1. __________________________ The idea that a living thing could just appear or come from anything
2. __________________________ He tried disproved the theory above with his rotting meat experiment
3. __________________________ In his experiment one jar with meat was open, one was sealed, and
one had __ over the top.
4. __________________________ In the experiment described above, there were NO maggots on the
meat in the jar that was ___, which proved the meat did not TURN
INTO maggots.
5. __________________________ Lazzaro Spallanzani tried to disprove spontaneous generation by
doing an experiment to show that __ do not come from broth.
6. __________________________ Spallanzani boiled broth to kill bacteria and then sealed the flask. No
bacteria grew, but people said it was because the flask was sealed so
no __ could get in, and they thought this might be the vital force to
make it grow.
7. __________________________ In order to completely disprove spontaneous generation __ expanded
on the experiment above by using a curved neck flask.
8. __________________________ The curved neck would still allow in __, but captured the bacteria
before it could fall in the broth.
9. __________________________ Because of the experiment above, we still preserve foods today with
the process of __.
10. __________________________ Besides boiling, another way to preserve foods is to kill bacteria by
using __.
*First Life
11. __________________________ Earth’s atmosphere had to be very hot and with little oxygen for the
first __ molecules to form.
12. __________________________ the type of cell we believe were the first to evolve
13. __________________________ We believe early cells had to be able to do this process to make food.
14. __________________________ The process above added __ to the atmosphere.
15. __________________________ As the atmosphere evolved, organisms could move from water to __.
16. __________________________ We believe some simple cells engulfed each other and led to the
formation of more complex cells we now call __.
17. __________________________ The statement in #6 basically summarizes the __ theory.
*Early Theorists of Evolution
18. __________________________ this says-- if you don’t use it, you lose it.
19. __________________________ An early theorist who believed useful traits would be passed on. For
example, giraffe’s long necks were a result of being stretched to reach
tall trees and the ones who didn’t stretch died out.
20. __________________________ Belief of the scientist above that says if a characteristic
occurs and is beneficial to an organisms survival, then it will be
passed on. For example, if a toe gets cut off and it’s helpful, the that
trait gets passed on to offspring.
21. __________________________ The scientist above had no __ to support his theory so it was
thrown out.
22. __________________________ the idea that only the organisms best suited to the environment will
survive. In other words, nature decides who lives and who dies.
23. __________________________ Scientist known for introducing the idea above.
24. __________________________ islands where the scientist above is famous for making his studies
25. __________________________ animal the scientist in #23 is famous for studying
26. __________________________The name of the book the scientist in #23 wrote that compiled his
evidence for evolution.
*Rates of Evolution
27. __________________________ organisms evolve as a result of small adaptive changes over time
28. ____________________________________ short periods of rapid change followed by long periods of
little or no change.
*Evidence of Common Ancestry
29. __________________________ a bat’s wing, whale’s flipper, and human arm have the same number,
type, and arrangement of bones; considered to have a common
evolutionary origin
30. ________________________________ The presence of the same number and type of bones in the
wing of a bat and the arm and hand of a human suggests that a
bat and human must share __.
31. __________________________ the most specific and modern way to prove organisms may be related
32. __________________________ The __ of humans and monkeys are 99% similar.
33. __________________________ looking at the embryos of organisms to see similarities at early stages
34. __________________________ structures present in an organism that have no apparent use
35. __________________________ The __ in human may be a structure described above.
36. __________________________ The presence of a pelvis and femur in a whale may suggest that their
early ancestors had __.
37. __________________________ According to relative dating, fossils deeper underground are __ than
those found closer to the surface.
38. __________________________ type of dating that uses radioactive isotopes to determine fossils’ ages
Ecology
1. __________________________ the sequential replacement of one ecological community with another
2. __________________________ Succession is complete when a stable __ is established.
3. __________________________ the first organisms in an environment
4. __________________________ Primary succession begins with small plants such as __ and grasses.
5. __________________________ Large plants and __ are associated with a climax community
6. __________________________ If an environment is destroyed by a natural disaster, such as a fire,
flood, or disease, then __ succession may occur.
7. __________________________ In order for plants to grow, the element __ needs to present in the soil
8. __________________________ Plants can NOT take the element above from the atmosphere. It must
be broken down in the soil by __.
9. __________________________ The organisms in #8 convert the element into __, which can then be
absorbed by plants.
Examine the pictures below and put them in order of ecological succession.
10. __________________________ Correct order for the forest succession diagram.
11. __________________________ Correct order for the pond succession.
*Biomes
12. __________________________ geographic area characterized by specific types of plants and animals
13. __________________________ a biome that primarily has a variety of grasses
14. __________________________ a biome of pine trees
15. __________________________ The coldest biomes are the taiga and __.
16. __________________________ biome with lots of precipitation and thick canopy of trees and plants
17. __________________________ aquatic biome that includes lakes and rivers
18. __________________________ aquatic biome with varying salinity and temperature zones
19. __________________________ lions usually stalk prey in this biome because their fur is camouflaged
20. __________________________ biome with very little rainfall and vegetation
21. __________________________ forest with leaves that change color and fall off in the fall
22. __________________________ Which biome describes Virginia?
*Ecology Vocabulary
23. __________________________ an organism at the beginning of the food chain; aka autotrophs
24. __________________________ an organism that must consume other organisms for their energy
25. __________________________ nonliving part of the environment
26. __________________________ living part of the environment
27. __________________________ consumer that eats only producers
28. __________________________ consumer that eats both plants and animals
29. __________________________ meat-eating consumers
30. __________________________ A food chain or web shows the transfer of __ through an ecosystem.
31. __________________________ eat things that are already dead (ex. vultures)
32. __________________________ break down decaying organisms and return nutrients to the soil
33. __________________________ In a food chain or pyramid, __ are always first or at the bottom
*Relationships
34. __________________________ relationship when one organism is harmed while the other benefits
35. __________________________ both organisms benefit from the relationship
36. __________________________ one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (not harmed)
37. __________________________ all of the relationships above are a __ because organisms live together
38. __________________________ If you have a tick, which type of relationship above is represented?
39. __________________________ What is the relationship between a clown fish and sea anemone?
40. __________________________ Lichens are a mix of an algae and a fungus. You may see them on
trees. The algae is green and makes food for the lichen by
photosynthesis. The fungus provides a protective environment
around the algae. What type of relationship is this?
41. __________________________ things that limit the size of populations
42. __________________________ On rainforest floors the availability of __ is a limiting factor for plants
43. __________________________ In a desert __ is a limiting factor.
44. __________________________ If hunting of deer was not allowed, many deer would die out or
become sick because overpopulating would cause competition for __.
45. __________________________ this may be occur if limiting factors destroy a species
Body Systems
*Circulatory System
1. __________________________ consists of arteries, veins, blood, and the __
2. __________________________ This system carries __ to cells for respiration.
3. __________________________ It carries __ away from cells after restpiration.
4. __________________________ Blood is considered a __ because it consists of cells working together
5. __________________________ Blood cells are made in your __.
6. __________________________ this type of blood cell carries oxygen to cells
7. __________________________ In order for the cells above to carry oxygen they must have this
element to help the oxygen bind to it (in hemoglobin)
8. __________________________ this type of blood cell fights disease and infection
9. __________________________ blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
10. __________________________ blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
11. __________________________ the word pulmonary refers to the __
12. __________________________ Arteries carry blood rich in __.
13. __________________________ The artery that is the exception to the above statement is the __ artery.
*Digestive System
14. __________________________ purpose is to break down __
15. __________________________ We must consume the substance above so our body can use organic
molecules for this process
16. __________________________ The process above produces the energy molecule __.
17. __________________________ Our digestive system will remove __ waste from our body.
18. __________________________ Our digestive system is compared to this organelle in cells.
19. __________________________ The absorption of nutrients into the blood takes place mainly in this
part of the digestive system.
*Excretory System
20. __________________________ Remove __ wastes from our body and regulates water in the body.
21. __________________________ main components of this system: bladder, ureters, urethra, and __
22. __________________________ The organs above filter your __.
23. __________________________ this word refers to the kidneys
*Immune System
24. __________________________ The body’s first line of defense is the __.
25. __________________________ The white blood cells (aka __) provide another line of defense.
26. __________________________ These are made in your body to fight specific pathogens
27. __________________________ any organism or agent (virus) that causes illness
28. __________________________ made using a destroyed or weakened virus that is injected in the body
*Musculatory System
29. __________________________ these (along with bones) operate the body
30. __________________________ the tissues above use lots of energy, and their cells often contain lots
of this organelle
*Nervous System
31. __________________________ consists of the __, nerves, and spinal cord
32. __________________________ This system controls most of the body & is compared to the _ in cells
*Respiratory System
33. __________________________ The main organ of this system is the __.
34. __________________________ This system allows __ to enter the blood and CO2 to leave the blood.
35. __________________________ The digestive system provide the energy for this process and the
respiratory system provides the oxygen for this process.
*Skeletal System
36. __________________________ This system consists of __ that supports the body and protects organs.
*Endocrine System
37. __________________________ Responsible for __ (chemicals in the body) that control most all cell
functions
38. __________________________ The chemicals above are secreted by __.