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DNA Guided Reading and Practice (11.1)
1.
DNA determines an organism’s traits by controlling the structure of ______________.
2.
DNA is contained in the ____________________.
3.
Proteins that control the rate of chemical reactions are called ___________________.
4.
The subunits of DNA are called______________________.
5.
The three parts of a nucleotide are:
a.
b.
c.
6.
The four nitrogen bases in DNA are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
DNA is made of ________chains of nucleotides.
8.
The structure of DNA was discovered by
9.
The shape of DNA is described as a ___________________________.
10.
Their discovery of this shape was based on the research of _____________________.
11.
In DNA the nitrogen bases pair together in a particular order. The type of bond that
holds them together is a _________________________.
12.
The complementary bases that always pair together in DNA are
a. _______________ and ________________
b. _______________ and ________________
13.
The genetic information carried in DNA not only depends on the nucleotides present, but
the nucleotide __________________.
14.
Generally, the more similar the nucleotide sequence is in organisms, the more
___________________ the organisms.
15.
Chromosomes are copied in a process called ________________________________.
16.
The newly formed chromosomes are _______________________ to the original unless
a mutation occurs.
DNA – Structure and Function
DNA is a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are large macromolecules. DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is made up of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphoric acid group
(sometimes called an acid group) and nitrogen bases. There are four nitrogen bases. They are:
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
DNA is a very large macromolecule. This means that it is made up of smaller sub units.
The small sub units that make up DNA are called nucleotides. Nucleotides are named for the
nitrogen bases that they contain. The individual nucleotides bond together to make up the large
DNA structure. The DNA structure looks like a twisted ladder. This structure is called a double
helix. Nucleotides are attached t each other with covalent bonds to make up the side of the DNA
ladder. Nitrogen bases join together with weak hydrogen bonds to make up the rungs of the DNA
ladder
Questions – Part 1
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. What is DNA made of?
3. What does the word macromolecule mean?
4. What small subunits make up DNA?
5. List the 4 nitrogen bases.
Part 2 – Base Pair Rule
Nitrogen bases pair up in a special way. Adenine only bonds with Thymine and Guanine only
bonds with Cytosine.
If one side of a DNA molecule looks like this:
ATTAGCGGCTAGA
The other side will look like this:
TAATCGCCGATCT
And the entire molecule will look like this:
ATTAGCGGCTAGA
TAATCGCCGATCT
Complete the DNA molecules.
1. ATCTCGTAGCAC 2. GCGACTCGCTCG
3. CCAGATTGCTAT 4. GGCAATGATACT