Download EARTH SCIENCE REVIEW

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EARTH SCIENCE REVIEW Part 1
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Earth Science
1. Define Earth Science –
2. Name the four (4) major branches of Earth Science and define each:
3. Observation –
4. Hypothesis –
5. Independent Variable –
6. Dependent Variable –
7. Peer Review –
8. Theory –
9. How does accuracy differ from precision in a scientific measurement?
Chapter 2 – Earth as a System
10. Crust –
11. Mantle –
12. Core –
13. Lithosphere –
14. Asthenosphere –
15. Mesosphere –
16. Be able to identify these layers in order on a drawing.
17. What makes up one-third (1/3) of the Earth’s mass?_____________________________
18. Earth has a magnetic field that extends into space in a region known as the ___________.
19. System –
20. Atmosphere –
21. Hydrosphere –
22. Geosphere –
23. Biosphere –
24. Ecosystem –
25. Carrying capacity –
26. Food web –
Chapter 3 – Models of the Earth
27. Parallel –
28. Latitude –
29. Meridian –
30. Longitude –
31. Remote sensing –
32. Map projection –
33. Legend –
34. Scale –
35. Isogram –
36. What are the three common types of map projection?
Chapter 4 – Earth Chemistry
37. Matter –
38. Element39. Atom –
40. Proton –
41. Electron –
42. Neutron –
43. Isotope –
44. Compound –
45. Molecule –
46. Ion –
47. Ionic bond –
48. Covalent bond –
49. Mixture –
50. Solution -
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51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
List the two types of distinguishing properties all matter has and define.
Even though atoms are very tiny, they are made up of smaller parts called ____________
What is the difference between atomic number, mass number, and atomic mass unit?
An atom consists of ____________ surrounding a _________ that is made up of protons and _____________.
___________ bonds between ________form when electrons are shared or ____________ between the atoms.
A mixture consists of _____ or _______ substances that are not chemically bonded. A ____________ is a
mixture in which ________ substance is uniformly _________ in another substance.
57. What does a subscript in a chemical formula represent?
58. An element is located on the periodic table according to what?
Chapter 5 – Minerals
59. What is a Mineral?
60. The main groups of minerals are _______________ and _______________.
61. The seven physical properties that help distinguish one mineral from another are ___________, __________,
____________, ___________, __________, ___________ and _______________.
62. _____________ minerals have six types of crystalline structures based on the arrangement of the siliconoxygen tetrahedral.
63. The six main groups of nonsilicate minerals are ___________, __________,
64. ___________,_____________,____________, and ___________________.
65. Silicate mineral –
66. Nonsilicate mineral –
67. Crystal –
68. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron –
69. Mineralogist –
70. Streak –
71. Luster 72. Cleavage 73. Fracture –
74. Mohns hardness scale –
75. Density –
Chapter 6 – Rocks
76. Identify the three major types of rock, and explain how each type forms.
77. Summarize three factors that affect whether rock melts.
78. What determines the texture of igneous rock?
79. Igneous rocks are divided into three families based on their mineral composition. These families are
________________, ________________, and ______________________.
80. Igneous rock structures take two basic forms. They are _____________ and __________.
81. Sedimentary rock forms in one of three ways. Name the three ways.
82. Metamorphic rocks forms as a result of _____________ and ______________caused by hot ________________ or
_______________ plate movement.
83. Metamorphic rocks can have a _______________ or _______________ texture.
84. Rock cycle –
85. Bowen’s reaction series –
86. Igneous rock –
87. Intrusive igneous rock –
88. Extrusive igneous rock –
89. Felsic –
90. Mafic –
91. Compaction –
92. Cementation –
93. Chemical sedimentary rock –
94. Organic sedimentary rock –
95. Clastic sedimentary rock –
96. Metamorphism –
97. Contact metamorphism –
98. Regional metamorphism –
99. Foliation –
100.
Nonfoliated–
Name:
Chapter 7 – Resource and Energy
101.
Ore –
102.
Lode –
103.
Placer deposit –
104.
Gemstone –
105.
Nonrenewable resource –
106.
Fossil fuel –
107.
Nuclear fission –
108.
Nuclear fusion –
109.
Renewable resource –
110.
Geothermal energy –
111.
Solar energy –
112.
hydroelectric energy –
113.
biomass –
Chapter 8 – The Rock Record
114.
Uniformitarianism115.
Relative age –
116.
Law of superposition –
117.
Principle of Original Horizontality –
118.
Graded bedding –
119.
Cross beds –
120.
Ripple marks –
121.
Unconformity –
122.
Nonconformity –
123.
Angular unconformity –
124.
Disconformity –
125.
Law of crosscutting relationships –
126.
Absolute age –
127.
Varve –
128.
Radiometric dating –
129.
Half-life –
130.
Parent & Daughter isotopes –
131.
Fossil –
132.
Paleontology –
133.
Trace fossil –
134.
Index fossil –
Chapter 9 – The Earth’s Past
135.
Geologic column –
136.
Eon –
137.
Era –
138.
Period –
139.
Epoch –
140.
Precambrian time –
141.
Precambrian rocks –
142.
Precambrian life –
143.
Stromatolite –
144.
Cretaceous – Tertiary Mass Extinction –
145.
Impact hypothesis –