Download Biochemistry: Macromolecules Notes

Notes: Biochemistry/Macromolecules
Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds
• Organic Compounds: _________________________________________
– Example: _______________
• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Fats, Nucleic Acids
• Inorganic Compounds: ____________________________________
– Example: Water and ATP (energy source)
Macromolecules:
• “Giant molecules”
• _______________________ built by smaller compounds
– Macromolecules: also known as ______________
– MONOMERS: small units that bond together to make macromolecule
(polymer)
• Split into four compounds:
– _______________________
– LIPIDS
– NUCLEIC ACIDS
– _______________________
Carbohydrates:
• Monomer: ____________________ (______________________)
– _________ sugar molecule
– Made of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
– Example: ______________, Fructose (fruit), Galactose (milk), Sucrose
• Function:
– Main source of __________/_____________ ____________ for living things
– Used in plants for support (cellulose)
– Primary __________ of energy in respiration
– Produced in ______________ photosynthesis
• Instant Energy:
– The breakdown of sugars (___________) supply ______________ energy for
all cell activities (_______)
– Primary Energy needed in RESPIRATION
– Produced in PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Polysaccharides: complex carbohydrates
– Formed from monosaccharides
– GLYCOGEN: polysaccharide in ________________
• Used for _____________ _____________ in liver and __________
– CELLULOSE: polysaccharide in __________
• Give plant cells _______________ and rigidity
• Also Known As: ___________
Lipids:
• Monomer: __________ ________ ______ __________
– Made mostly of __________ (C) and Hydrogen (H)
• Function:
– _________________
– _________________ ______________
– Insulation
• Common Lipids:
– _________ (fat, _____________)
– Oils
– ____________
– Steroids
• Formation:
– ____________ combines with three compounds called ________ ______
Proteins:
• Monomer: _____________ __________
• Function :
– _________ ________ (______, muscle, etc.)
– Enzymes (catalyst)
– Help ______ ________
• AMINO ACIDS
– Contain: amino group (-NH2),
carboxyl group (-COOH),
R group
– ____ ______________amino acids found in nature
 Have four levels of organization
– Primary: ________ ________ _________
– Secondary: amino acids becomes twisted or folded
– _____________: chain becomes folded
– Quaternary: ___________ __________ are added
• Enzymes
• Makes up Enzymes
– Enzyme: Proteins that control the ______ ____ __________ by acting as
natural catalysts
• Catalyst: substance that ________ _____ ___ ___________
Nucleic Acids
• Monomers: __________________
• Consist of 5-Carbon ______, a ________ group, and a ______________ _____
• Contain H, O, N, C, and Phosphorus (P)
• Function:
• _______ ______ __________ genetic information (heredity)
• Transcription and Translation
• Genetic Blueprints for living organisms
• Nucleic Acides: DNA/RNA
• DNA and RNA: made of nucleotides
– ______: ________ genetic ______________
– RNA: ___________ hereditary or genetic _________
Inorganic Compounds
• Inorganic Compounds: compounds without ________________
• Examples:
– ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): __________ ___________ in living things
– Water: Oxygen molecule combined with two Hydrogen molecules (________)