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Review Sheet: Genetics Inheritance Test Part I: Important Vocabulary Students should be able to: Define and apply the important genetic terms Predict phenotype given the genotype of an organism. Understand and apply the terms homozygous and heterozygous Describe how genetics and environment can determine traits Important Terms: DNA Chromosome Gene Protein Trait Phenotype Genotype Allele Dominant Trait Dominant Allele Recessive Trait Recessive Allele Heterozygous Homozygous Homologous Chromosomes Gamete Somatic cell Zygote Carrier Practice Problems 1. 2. 3. 4. Study the definitions for the important terms listed above. What is the difference between a Chromosome, DNA, and a gene? What is the difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait? Do the following statements describe phenotypes or genotypes? a. The plant is homozygous for white flowers b. The bird has white feathers c. She is a carrier for sickle cell disease 5. H = widow’s peak, and h =non-widow’s peak. What would be the genotypes and phenotypes for the following: a. non-widow’s peak b. homozygous for widow’s peak c. heterozygous for widows peak 6. What is a trait that is influenced by both genetics and your environment? Can you come-up with one that is primarily determined by genetics? How about determined primarily by your environment? Part II: Simple Inheritance Problems Students should be able to: Define and apply the important genetic terms Solve single and double trait crosses Practice Problems Important Terms: Dominant Trait Gene Dominant Allele In your answers you will need to complete each of the following Trait Recessive Trait steps and show all work. Phenotype Recessive Allele a. Assign letters to the alleles Genotype Heterozygous b. Determine the genotypes for each parent Allele Homozygous c. Set up the Punnett-square and complete it d. Construct a chart that shows the genotypes, phenotypes, frequencies, and probabilities (%) e. Answer the original question in a complete sentence 1. In dogs deafness is a recessive trait. What are the chances that two parents, who are both carriers, will have a puppy that is deaf? 2. Ability to taste PTC is dominant over not tasting PTC. A heterozygous PTC taster has a child with a homozygous PTC taster. What are the chances the child can taste PTC? Use the pea plant chart in your inheritance packet to answer the following questions: 3. If a white and terminal flowered pea plant fertilizes a homozygous purple/heterozygous axial flowered pea plant? What will the offspring most likely look like? 4. If a heterozygous round and green seeded pea plant is bred with a wrinkled and homozygous yellow seeded pea plant, what are the chances the offspring will be wrinkled and yellow seeded? a. What are the possible genotypes of gametes passed down by each parent? b. Set up a 2-trait punnett square and be able to fill in the spaces. c. Be able to discuss genotypes, phenotypes, and frequencies of each by looking at the punnett square. Part III: Complex Inheritance Problems Students should be able to: Solve problems involving complex inheritance patterns (list below) Know the genotypes for blood types and be able to solve genetic problems to predict blood types of offspring Important Terms: Co-dominance Polygenic Inheritance Multiple Alleles Sex-linked Traits Allele C cch ch c Practice Problems 1. Codominance: A dog with black fur (BB) is bred with a dog with black and white marks (BW). What are the chances that their offspring is entirely black? 2. Multiple Alleles: Using the chart below to answer the question. Trait Full color Chinchilla Himalayan Albino Inheritance Dominant to all other alleles Dominant to ch and c alleles Dominant to c allele Recessive to all other alleles What are the offspring possibilities and probabilities when a heterozygous ‘Himalayan” male rabbit mates with a Chinchilla female rabbit who ‘carries’ the albino allele? Show all work and show each step. 3. Sex-linked: Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. A normal male and a female who is a carrier have a child. What are the chances that their son will be color blind? What are the chances that their daughter will be color blind? 4. Polygenic Inheritance: Which person would have darker eyes color: AaBBCc or AABbcc? Explain how you know this? 5. Blood Typing: A man with type O blood marries a woman has AB blood. What type of blood are their children likely to have? Show all your work (including a Punnett square) and give the genotype and probability of each blood type. (4 points)