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Unit 6 Study Guide HEREDITY ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS: Cellular processes maintain homeostasis. Proteins determine the structure and function of living things. Nucleic acids transfer genetic information from generation to generation. Objective 8: HEREDITY Interpret the role of genetics in determining heredity and as it applies to biotechnology. Essential Questions: 7) Do I carry deadly genes? (heredity, meiosis) 8) How do they make seedless watermelons? (heredity)x SELF-ASSESSMENT CHART U = Unfamiliar (I can apply this target to a new situation.) F = Familiar (I can apply this target to a present or prior situation.) O = Objective Target (I can identify the target in a situation.) TARGET 1) Review classical Mendelian genetics. 2) Apply Punnett squares to determine the probability of a. possible genotypes in parents and offspring. b. possible phenotypes in parents and offspring. 3) Predict genetic variations in parents and offspring by interpreting data involving a. two factor crosses b. co-dominance c. sex-linked traits d. multiple alleles 4) Analyze and identify karyotypes as normal or abnormal and recognize such abnormalities a. Down syndrome b. Turner’s syndrome c. Klinefelter’s syndrome 5) Analyze a pedigree chart to a. identify familial relationships b. trace inheritance of traits (including genotype and phenotype) c. predict probabilities in offspring. U F O LESSONS Genetics & Heredity PPT (mypisd) Monohybrid Genetics Problems Determining Genotypic and Phenotypic Ratios Lab A Dog Called Spot Dihybrid Genetics Problems Blood Types Discussion Notes Long Lost Son Advanced Genetics Problems Problems of Excess Karyotype Study Guide Karyotype Practice Introduction. to Pedigrees Pedigree Practice SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS (These are samples of the type of questions which might be on the test. Questions may require students to use the basic content to make applications, analyze, synthesize and evaluate information. Tests contain unit content questions as well as general scientific processing questions.) 1. In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 100% Heredity Study Guide – Biology Student - (Revised June 19, 2009) (printed 6/18/2017) p. 1 2. In humans, the gene for polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) is dominant over the gene for the normal number of digits. If parents who are both homozygous dominant for polydactyly have four children, how many of these children would most likely have extra fingers or toes? A. B. C. D. 0 2 3 4 Figure 26 3. Look at Figure 26. The genotype of individual 1 could be A. EE, only B. Ee, only C. ee D. EE or ee 4. Look at Figure 26. The genotype of individual 2 could be A. EE, only B. Ee, only C. ee D. EE or ee 5. A rabbit with white fur was crossed with a rabbit with black fur. The cross produced offspring with black and white fur. This type of inheritance is known as A. dihybrid recessive. B. dominance. C. codominance. D. multiple alleles. 6. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be A. hybrid. B. homozygous. C. heterozygous. D. dominant. 7. One plant has the genotype TT. The second plant has the genotype Tt. The two plants would A. have the same phenotype. B. have different phenotypes. C. have the same genotype. D. have all dominant alleles. Heredity Study Guide – Biology Student - (Revised June 19, 2009) (printed 6/18/2017) p. 2 TRIBBLE TRAITS Tribble Traits Gene S s L l Trait Solid coat (dominant) Plaid coat (recessive) Long fur (dominant) Short fur (recessive) Parental Generation: SSLI (male) x Ssll (female) 8. What trait will most likely be observed in all offspring of the above set of parents? A. Solid coat color B. Plaid coat color C. Long fur D. Short fur 9. A tribble with the genotype SsLL is crossed with a tribble with the genotype ssLl. How many different genotypes can be expressed in the offspring? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 KARYOTYPES 10. A karyotype such as the one pictured above shows which of the following? A. autosomes B. sex chromosomes C. homologous chromosomes D. all of the above 11. Using the karyotype above, identify the sex of this person and whether or not it is a normal or abnormal karyotype. A. female; normal B. female; abnormal C. male; normal D. male; abnormal Heredity Study Guide – Biology Student - (Revised June 19, 2009) (printed 6/18/2017) p. 3 12. Genes in sex-linked traits are carried on the A. X chromosome only B. Y chromosome only C. X and Y chromosome D. Autosomes 13. Which of the genotypes would have the same blood type? A. IBIB and IBi B. IAIA and IAIB C. IBi and ii D. IBIB and IAIB PEDIGREE INHERITANCE 14. The pedigree above shows that a certain disease was found equally in males and females and that all children who had the disease had at least one parent who also had the disease. The gene coding for the disease is probably A. autosomal recessive B. autosomal dominant C. sex-linked recessive D. sex-linked dominant PEA PLANT CHARACTERISTICS T=tall T=short S=smooth s=wrinkled 15. If a plant that is homozygous tall and wrinkled is crossed with a short, wrinkled plant, which percentage of genotypes would most likely be found in the first-generation offspring? A. 50% TTss, 50% ttSS B. 100% TtSs C. 100% Ttss D. 50% TtSS, 50% ttSS 16. Which of the following combinations would produce a normal human male? A. 22 + X and 22 + X B. 23 + X and 23 + X C. 22 + X and 22 + Y D. 23 + X and 23 + Y Heredity Study Guide – Biology Student - (Revised June 19, 2009) (printed 6/18/2017) p. 4 Short Answer 17. Why can multiple alleles provide many different phenotypes for a trait? 18. Are an organism’s characteristics determined only by its genes? Explain. 19. Construct a pedigree using the following information: a family of five generations that contains the gene for an autosomal recessive disorder. At least 6 members of the family are affected. 20. Blood type is a trait controlled by multiple alleles which are A(IA), B(IB) and O. A and B are dominant over O(i), which is recessive. If one parent is blood type AB and another is blood type O, what would be the probable genotypes of their offspring? Show your work in a Punnett square. Heredity Study Guide – Biology Student - (Revised June 19, 2009) (printed 6/18/2017) p. 5